HAZOP/LOPA 在过程工艺风险评估中的改进研究

HAZOP和LOPA集成风险评估方法已经应用到了石化企业工艺过程的评价中。两种方法的集成,实现了风险的半定量评估。但鉴于集成方法本身的局限性,在多始发事件引起事故后果分析和被动型保护层的有效性分析中存在不足。针对这两个方面,提出了将多始发事件划分后采用求和、求最大值的方法及增加危险度减小系数确定被动型保护层有效性的解决对策。并将改进后的方法运用到石脑油储罐溢流的场景之中,发现改进后的方法能更好的确保系统的安全性,从而提高石化企业评估的客观性与准确性。

THE Method of HAZOP and LOPA in the Production Technique Improvement Studies

With the development of science and technology, the devices of petroleum and chemical industry become more and more large and intelligent. It is great important to evaluate the safety of the petrochemical plant and put forward effective Suggestions to reduce the risk of process.The method of HAZOP and LOPA had applied to the assessment of petrochemical enterprise process. The LOPA can realize sem-quantitative evaluation of risk by means of HAZOP results. But there are many shortcomings in the technological process evaluation given the method limitations. for example, the method only can analysis the consequences of accidents by "one originating event" . But in the actual process, there are many complicated inner link between accidents. Single originating event cannot evaluation the system security and completely. Therefore, this article to determine the initial event by the method of HOZOP firstly, then determine the relationship between the event. When the initial events correlation is small or the accident scene is not ues common protective layer.It can be calculated using the method of summation. while When the initial event correlation is bigger or the accident scene sharing protective layer . It can be calculated using the method of maximum. The improved method make the accident consequence assessment of " more originating event " come ture; Furthermore, the method approach to passive protective layer as a separate layer were analyzed, makes the consequence of the risk assessment value decreases, and easy to overlook the possibility of accident. In this paper, increase the risk of reduced effectiveness coefficient to determine the passive protective layer, make assessment result more accurate and reliable. Finally, this paper applied the improved method to naphtha tank overflow scenes, and compared with before improvement method. It can found that using the improved method can better protect the security of system and Make the evaluation more accuracy and scientific.