19世纪美国排华大案初探

19世纪在美国发生了一系列暴力排华事件。具有代表性的暴力排华大案有洛杉矶惨案，旧金山骚乱，丹佛惨案，石泉大屠杀，西雅图事件和塔科马事件等。暴力排华由加州发展到西部诸州，由分散，零星，无组织的暴力排华事件发展为集中，广泛，有组织的暴力排华运动，0功工是暴力排华的主力，劳动骑士团在暴力排华运动中发挥了极为重要的组织作用和领导作用。

Studying on Outrages against Chinese in the anti-Chinese movement in America in 19th century

Outrages against Chinese took place in the anti-Chinese movement in America in 19th century. The author chooses six typical outrages as the studying object. They are Los Angeles Riot, San Franciscos Riot, Denvers Anti-Chinese Riot, Rock Springs Massacre, and the Anti-Chinese Outbreaks in Tacoma and Seattle. The Anti-Chinese feelings were brought from California to the Western states and developed from a local phenomenon into a kind of common feeling. At first, there were some citizens who protected the Chinese victims in the riots, but later most people took part in the expulsion actions. The majority of the workingmen were the leading anti-Chinese force. Some influential workingmen organizations played a very important role in organizing and leading the exclusion movement. The sporadic violence extended to a concentrated and organized expulsion movement, more or less supported by the local officials.