基于随机森林预测的矩形消力井体型

泄水建筑物出口无法正对河道，地形条件难以满足传统底流消能的池长要求时，增加池深与池宽形成矩形消力井是一种可行的选择。基于水工模型试验数据，通过随机森林算法底板动水压强预测模型，研究入射水流动能变化条件下的矩形消力井体型。成果表明:（1）预测模型可以得到矩形消力井几何边界重要程度，从大到小依次为井深、井长、井宽；（2）进而给出了不同傅汝德数入射水流适宜井宽条件下，底板动水压强能够满足消能要求的井深、井长组合关系。（3）在分析入射水流动能（傅汝德数）所对应的多组消能水体容积基础上，得出了满足消能效果的最小消能水体容积和边界取值。

Study on Rectangular Dissipation Well Shape Based on Random Forest Prediction

When the outlet of the spillway building cannot face the river and the topographical conditions are difficult to meet the pool length requirement of traditional bottom flow dissipation, increasing the pool depth and width to form a rectangular dissipation well is a feasible option. The shape of the rectangular dissipation well under varying incident water kinetic energy conditions was studied using a random forest algorithm bottom plate dynamic water pressure prediction model based on hydraulic modelling test data. The results show that: (1) The prediction model provides insights into the importance of the geometric boundaries of the rectangular dissipation well, ranking them in descending order as well depth, well length, and well width. (2) Appropriate combinations of well depth and well length are provided for different Fourier number incident water flows, taking into account the optimal well width conditions. This ensures that the dynamic water pressure on the bottom plate meets the energy dissipation requirements. (3) By analysing several groups of energy dissipation water volumes corresponding to the incident water kinetic energies (Fourier numbers), the study determines the minimum water volume required to achieve effective energy dissipation and identifies the optimum boundary values to achievethe energy dissipation effect.