Mammalian iron transport |
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Authors: | Gregory Jon Anderson Christopher D Vulpe |
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Institution: | (1) Iron Metabolism Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia;(2) Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, 317 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA |
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Abstract: | Iron is essential for basic cellular processes but is toxic when present in excess. Consequently, iron transport into and
out of cells is tightly regulated. Most iron is delivered to cells bound to plasma transferrin via a process that involves
transferrin receptor 1, divalent metal-ion transporter 1 and several other proteins. Non-transferrin-bound iron can also be
taken up efficiently by cells, although the mechanism is poorly understood. Cells can divest themselves of iron via the iron
export protein ferroportin in conjunction with an iron oxidase. The linking of an oxidoreductase to a membrane permease is
a common theme in membrane iron transport. At the systemic level, iron transport is regulated by the liver-derived peptide
hepcidin which acts on ferroportin to control iron release to the plasma. |
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