基于振动信号时域分析法的铣齿机故障诊断

高速干切数控螺旋锥齿轮铣齿机在铣齿加工过程中存在振动现象明显、稳定性差、加工精度低,所加工的工件齿面有振纹等技术问题。为了解决这些问题,通过对铣齿机的结构和切削受力进行分析,建立了铣齿机刀具主轴系统的振动模型。依据振动模型设计了基于铣齿机的振动测试实验方案;并完成了振动信号的采集。在信号处理中,为了从实验数据中解析出故障特征信息,采用了时域分析法中的波形诊断方法和数值分析诊断方法。根据振动信号的时域分析结果,得出了机床产生振动的根源,即机床主轴存在轻微的不平衡、主轴前轴承存在损伤和刚度不足的问题。研究结果为机床结构的优化设计提供了参考依据。

Fault diagnosis of milling machine based on time-domain analysis method of vibration signal

High-speed dry cutting CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine has noticeable vibration, poor stability, lower machining precision, gear teeth chatter and other technical problems during the milling process. To solve these problems, the structure of milling machine and cutting force acting on the machining components have been analyzed, and modeled the vibration of milling machine tool system with that basis. Vibration testing scheme based on milling machine had been designed in terms of vibration model, and vibration signals were sampled. To analyze the fault characteristic information from experimental data, the waveform diagnosis method and the numerical analysis diagnosis method in time-domain analysis were adopted. According to time-domain analysis of the vibration signal, the cause of abnormal vibration on machine tool was derived, which can be concluded by unbalance existed in tool spindle of the machine tools, damage and lack of rigidity in front bearings. The results provide reference resources for optimizing design of machine tool structure.