ICP-MS、GC-MS法研究樟树不同部位的微量元素与挥发油成分

植物微量元素的提取常用微波消解联合火焰原子吸收光谱法、微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)等；植物挥发油的提取常用传统提取方法有水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂提取法、压榨法、吸附法等，现代提取方法有同时蒸馏萃取法、超临界CO2萃取法、亚临界水萃取、酶解辅助提取、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助萃取法、固相微萃取法、联合萃取法等.为研究湖北产樟树皮、茎、干、叶不同部位微量元素及挥发油的成分并对其进行比较，采用电感藕合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定樟树中各部位微量元素的含量；同时采用石油醚为溶剂用回流提取法分别提取樟树不同部位的挥发油，用峰面积归一化法测其相对含量，气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC-MS)鉴定化学成分.结果表明：测定的14种微量元素在樟树不同部位含量有所差异，但其中Al、Zn和Fe的含量偏高，Co、V、Se、Cd的含量偏低；从樟树树皮、茎、干、叶中分别检测出29、21、27、9种不同成分，共46种成分，均为含氧、烯烃类化合物.树皮中主要成分是黄樟素(36.23%)，特征成分是4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-onaphthalene(1.71%)；树干的主要成分是黄樟素(22.45%)，特征成分是1-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene(1.55%)；树茎的主要成分是黄樟素(69.98%)，特征成分是(1R,8aR)-1-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene(2.25%)；树叶的主要成α-松油醇(40.73%)和桉树醇(31.96%)，特征成分是(1R,4S)-7,7-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo2.2.1]heptane(4.71%).湖北宜昌樟树中不同部位所测微量元素有差异；而樟树树皮、干、茎中所测的重金属元素含量及树叶中除Cu外所测得的重金属元素含量符合药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准的限量标准；樟树不同部位的挥发油成分差别较大，该实验结果为以后的樟树开发利用提供一定的实验依据.

ICP-MS and GC-MS studies on different parts of Cinnamomum camphora

Microwave digestion combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and microwave digestion inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are commonly used in the extraction of plant trace elements. The traditional extraction methods of plant volatile oil include steam distillation， solvent extraction， pressing and adsorption， while there are modern extraction methods such as simultaneous distillation and extraction， supercritical CO2 extraction， subcritical water extraction， enzymatic assisted extraction， microwave assisted extraction， ultrasonic assisted extraction， solid phase microextraction， combined extraction. In order to study and compare the components of trace elements and volatile oils in different parts of bark， stem， trunk and leaf of Camphor camphor in Hubei Province the content of trace elements in different parts of camphor tree was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)， and the volatile oils from different parts of camphor tree were extracted by reflux extraction with petroleum ether as solvent. The relative content of volatile oils was determined by peak area normalization method. The chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the contents of 14 trace elements in different parts of camphor tree were different， but the contents of Al， Zn and Fe were higher， while the contents of Co， V， Se and Cd were lower. 29， 21， 28 and 9 different compounds were respectively detected from bark， stem and leaf of camphor tree， which were all oxygenates and olefins. The main constituents in bark was safrole (36.23%) and characteristic constituents was 4-isopro pyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydronaphthalene (1.71%). The main constituents in trunk was safrole (22.45%) and characteristic constituents was 1-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,4a,5,8a-hexahydronaphthalene (1.55%). The main constituents in stem was safrole (69.98%) and characteristic constituents was (1R,8a-1)-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hex ahydronaphthalene (2.25%). The main constituents of leaves were alpha-terpineol (40.73%) and eucalyptol (31.96%) with the characteristic constituents of (1R,4S)-7,7-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo2.2.1]heptane (4.71%). There are differences in trace elements in different parts of Cinnamomum camphora in Yichang， Hubei Province. The content of heavy metal elements in bark， trunk and stem of camphor tree and the content of heavy metal elements in leaves except Cu were in accordance with the limit standard of green industry standard for import and export of medicinal plants and preparations. The volatile oils in different parts of camphor trees differ greatly. The experimental results provide certain experimental basis for the development and utilization of camphor trees in the future.