两种类型人为干扰对城市风景林植物多样性的影响

【目的】城市化对城市森林生态系统产生巨大影响,探讨城市化背景下植物群落物种多样性成为城市生态学研究热点。笔者探究了游客活动干扰和城市园林管理干扰对物种多样性的影响,为徐州泉山保护区的生态保护提供理论基础。【方法】于2018年6月,对泉山保护区的泉山、泰山和云龙山进行野外调查,整理统计54个样方物种数据并进行物种多样性分析。【结果】人为干扰加剧了物种数的减少;两种类型人为干扰对不同层物种数影响不同;游客活动干扰对物种多样性影响显著(P<0.05),城市园林管理干扰则无显著影响(P>0.05);两种类型人为干扰对物种丰富度无显著影响(P>0.05),对均匀度影响显著(P<0.05)。两种类型人为干扰对不同层物种数影响不同,游客活动干扰增强会降低乔木层的物种数,城市园林管理干扰增强则降低灌木层的物种数;游客活动干扰对物种多样性影响显著,中度干扰下物种多样性最小,城市园林管理干扰对物种多样性无显著影响;游客活动干扰和城市园林管理干扰均未影响物种丰富度,但均影响物种均匀度,并且影响结果不同。均匀度随着游客活动干扰增强呈先减小后增加的趋势,而随着城市园林管理干扰增强呈增加的趋势。【结论】游客活动干扰较城市园林管理干扰对植物多样性格局产生更直接显著的影响,在保护中更应警惕游客的行为对植物多样性的负面影响,严格规范游客行为。

Effects of two types of artificial interferences on plant diversity of urban landscape forests

【Objective】 Urbanization has a great impact on urban forest ecosystems and has become a hot topic in urban ecology, with researchers striving to understand the dynamics of biodiversity in urban communities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of tourist activities and urban garden management on plant species diversity and to develop a theoretical basis for the maintenance of the Quanshan Reserve. 【Method】 In June 2018, field surveys were conducted in 54 plots that were established in the Quanshan, Taishan and Yunlong Mountains in the Quanshan Reserve. 【Result】 Increases in artificial disturbance were related to reductions in species diversity. However, tourist activity and urban gardening affected the species diversity of different vertical layers differently, and tourist activity significantly affected species diversity (P<0.05), whereas urban gardening did not (P>0.05). In addition, neither type of disturbances had a significant effect on species richness (P>0.05), and both had significant effects on uniformity (P<0.05). These two types of artificial disturbance (tourist activity and urban gardening) had different effects on different community layers. Increase in tourist activity reduced the number of species in the arbor layer, whereas increase in urban gardening activity increased the number of species in the shrub layer. In addition, tourist activity significantly affected species diversity, with the lowest species diversity observed under intermediate disturbance, whereas urban gardening had no such effect. Furthermore, neither type of disturbance had a significant effect on species richness, and both had significant effects on uniformity. Interestingly, uniformity decreased and then increased with increasing tourist activity but exhibited a positive linear correlation with urban gardening.【Conclusion】 In this study, two types of human interferences were investigated to explore the effects on plant diversity in urban landscape forest communities, and the results showed that the interference of tourist activities had a more direct and significant impact on the distribution pattern of plant diversity, which could guide the protection of Quanshan Reserve.