试管婴儿技术的发展与探讨

 2010年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了“试管婴儿之父”罗伯特·爱德华兹。试管婴儿技术是一项影响深远的重要技术，为人类辅助生育技术带来了重大变革。试管婴儿技术主要是融合了体外受精技术与胚胎移植技术，旨在帮助各种不孕不育症夫妇繁育后代。30多年来，在原有基础上，试管婴儿技术还发展演变出了胞内单精子注射以及胚胎移植前遗传诊断等其他方法，使得其功能大幅扩展。本文将对试管婴儿技术，发展历程和引发的伦理社会问题作一个简要介绍。

Introduction of Test Tube Baby: History and Application

The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Robert G. Edwards, regarded as “the father of Test Tube Baby”. The Test Tube Baby, known as a marvelous assisted reproductive technology, has brought significant influence into human society. Test Tube Baby was a technique merging in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer to help the infertile couples have descendants. The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) were the development and extension result of Test Tube Baby. In this essay, a brief introduction to the history，application and ethical issues of Test Tube Baby were given.