植物组织培养过程中器官发生途径再生植株分子机制研究进展

 综述了植物组织离体培养过程器官发生途径所经历的3 个阶段的分子机制,包括已分化器官脱分化、根器官再生和芽器官再生。重点概述了禾谷类作物组织培养再生途径中的细胞遗传学机理。分析了当前植物再生性状分子基础研究存在的3 个主要问题,即具有稳定表现的高再生性能植物品种有限,再生性状相关主效基因发掘不足,已鉴定的再生相关基因功能不明显。提出应加强高再生性能植物品种选育,为发掘、控制植物离体组织培养再生关键基因提供丰富的基因资源,推动植物再生性状的分子机制研究。

Research progress on molecular mechanism of plant regeneration from cultured tissues via organogenesis

The progress of plant regeneration in vitro in molecular level is reviewed in this paper, including the main stages of plant tissue culture of explants, the molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation of differentiated tissues, shoot regeneration and root regeneration, as well as the cytogenetic basis of regeneration traits in cereal crops. It is summarized that the limitation of plant genotypes with high and stable regeneration performance, shortage of cloned key genes associated with regeneration traits, and weak function of identified genes related to somatic embryogenesis in other plants are the main problems in the investigation of plant regeneration in molecular biology. In future the identification or development of the plant genotypes with desirable regeneration ability should be stressed by using various strategies to expand the gene resource for the exploration of the corresponding phenotype. The aim of this review is to deepen the awareness of the importance of molecular investigation in plant regeneration, and to boost the characterization of more plant regeneration-relevant genes for the further understanding of molecular mechanism of underlying plant organogenesis during plant tissue culture in vitro and the development of plant genetic engineering breeding.