洪涝灾害预警时期的应急人员安置与物资配送联合优化

严重的洪涝灾害威胁着受灾地区的居民生命安全,及时的人员安置与物资保障有助于降低自灾害带来的负面影响。本研究对洪涝灾害预警时期的人员安置与物资配送两项工作进行共同考虑,由人员安置方案确定各地的物资需求量,作为物资配送优化的基础,最终得到一套联合工作方案。本研究以人员转移时间最短、人员未转移惩罚最小、物资未满足比例最低为目标,建立了该问题的数学模型。在时间划分上,本研究将应急物流工作的时间划分为多个等长的周期,并将每个周期划分为一段工作时间和一段休整时间。在工作时间内,车辆可以连续进行多次行程,以实现载具的最大化使用;在休整时间内,车辆不开始配送任务,以此应对计划外耗时带来的影响。最后,本研究基于安徽省阜阳市的蓄洪区位置构造算例,并使用遗传算法对算例求解,通过对比“联合优化”方案与“就近安置”方案,证实了人员安置与物资配送的联合优化能够让应急工作在整体上达到更好的效果。

Joint Optimization of Emergency Personnel Settlement and Material Distribution during the Flood Disaster Warning Period

Severe floods threaten the lives of residents in the affected areas. Timely resettlement of people and provision of materials are crucial in mitigating the negative impacts of disasters. This study considers the joint tasks of personnel resettlement and material distribution during the flood disaster warning period. The material requirements of each location are determined by the personnel resettlement plan and serve as the basis for optimizing material distribution, resulting in a combined working plan. In this study, the mathematical model of this problem is established with the objectives of the shortest personnel transfer time, the smallest penalty for non-transfer of personnel, and the lowest proportion of unsatisfied materials. In terms of time division, the study divides the emergency logistics work into several equal periods, each consisting of a working time and a rest period. Vehicles can undertake multiple trips during the working time to maximize utilization; during the rest period, vehicles do not start delivery tasks to address the impact of unplanned delays. Finally, the study constructs a case based on the flood storage area of Fuyang City in Anhui Province and solves it using a genetic algorithm. By comparing the "joint optimization" plan with the "nearest resettlement" plan, it is confirmed that the joint optimization of personnel resettlement and material distribution can achieve better overall results in emergency work.