黄河流域水资源配置问题研究与优化

黄河流域是中国重要的经济地带、粮食产地、能源基地,对中国的社会经济、生态安全的持续健康发展具有重要作用。随着社会经济的发展以及气候环境的变化,黄河流域用水结构发生改变,农业用水和工业用水量减少,生活用水和生态用水量增多,且上游取水量减少,中下游取水量增多。本文通过对2000—2021年流域地表水和地下水的取、耗水量现状以及2004—2021年流域用水结构的分析,发现黄河流域水资源配置中存在水资源价格调整不到位、配置不合时宜、流域产业转型动力不足以及水资源开发利用率低等问题,并提出完善黄河流域水资源价格体系、推动流域的生态补偿、建立水资源监管机制、构建人与自然和谐共生的生态系统新格局的建议。黄河流域水资源配置问题探究与优化有助于推动流域生态保护和高质量发展,对大型流域水资源管理和调度具有重要意义,可为全球其他流域水资源的优化配置提供参考。

Research and Optimization of Water Resources Allocation in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin is an important economic zone, grain producing area and energy base in China, which plays an important role in the sustainable and healthy development of China''s social economy and ecological security. With the socioeconomic development and climate change, the water utilization structure in the Yellow River Basin has changed. It is showed that the agricultural and industrial water consumption has decreased, while domestic and ecological water consumption has increased. Meanwhile, the water withdrawals in the upstream has decreased, and that in the middle and lower reaches has increased. Based on the analysis of the current situation of water withdrawals and consumption of surface water and groundwater in the basin from 2000 to 2019 and the water utilization structure in the basin from 2004 to 2019, there are some problems in the allocation of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, such as unreasonable price adjustment, outdated water resources allocation, underpowered industrial transformation, and inefficient utilization of water resources. It is suggested that management should take effective measures, like perfecting water resources price system, promoting the process of ecological compensation, establishing supervision and regulation mechanism take effective measures to solve these problems and build a new pattern of ecosystem with harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Research and optimization water resources allocation in the Yellow River Basin is helpful to promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the basin, and have great significance to the management and dispatching of water resources in large basins. It also can provide a reference for the optimal allocation of water resources in other basins in the world.