煤炭资源开发利用过程中铀迁移产生的环境影响研究进展

中国拥有着丰富的煤炭资源储量，同时也是世界上最大的煤炭资源生产和消费国，煤炭资源开发利用过程中的放射性环境问题越来越受到重视。综述了煤中铀的赋存状态、煤炭资源在不同开发利用阶段中铀释放迁移规律及产生的放射性污染等方面的研究进展，并对煤炭开发利用过程中的辐射风险评价方法进行了总结，最后对下一步的研究工作进行了展望。大部分煤炭产生的放射性物质对人类健康影响不大，需要特别关注的是富铀煤，尤其是中国南方地区广泛分布的石煤，其开发利用产生的放射性污染及潜在健康风险不容忽视。

Research progress on the environmental impact of uranium migration during the development and utilization of coal resources

China has abundant reserves of coal resources, and is also the largest producer and consumer of coal resources in the world. More and more attention has been paid to the radioactive environmental problems in the process of coal resource development and utilization. This paper reviews the research progress on the modes of occurrence of uranium in coal, the release and mobility of uranium in different development and utilization stages of coal resources, and the radioactive pollution generated, and summarizes the radiation risk assessment methods in the process of coal development and utilization. Finally, the future research work is prospected. Most of the radioactive substances produced by coal have little impact on human health. Special attention should be paid to uranium-rich coal, especially the widely distributed stone coal in southern of China. The radioactive pollution and potential health risks caused by its development and utilization cannot be ignored.