水位变化条件下波浪侵蚀坡面微地貌演变过程

大量水利工程的修建形成大量的水库，由于水利工程有调控水资源的需要，水位涨落在所难免，这种条件下波浪对库岸的侵蚀与水位固定时必然不同．利用水槽模拟试验，研究水位在涨、落以及固定时波浪对20。边坡的侵蚀．结果表明，水位涨落时与水位固定时波浪侵蚀过程有明显不同．水位下落时15～30rain为主要侵蚀时间段，中部土体侵蚀严重，水位上涨和固定时中上部土体侵蚀严重．3种水位条件下，侵蚀率都呈现先快后慢的趋势．水舌作用是波浪侵蚀的重要因素之一．当对库岸进行构件保护时，可考虑以消减水舌拍击坡面的力量为主要手段．

Changing Process of Microtopography on Slope During Wave-induced Erosion under Water Level-Fluctuation Conditions

A large number of reservoirs were formed due to the construction of hydraulic projects. The regula- ting and controlling water resources caused water level fluctuation. Under this condition, the process of wave- induced erosion on the reservoir bank was very different from the situation of the fixed water level. In this pa- per, a flume simulation experiment was used to study the wave-induced erosion on the slope of 20~, when the water level is rising, falling and fixed. The results show that the wave-induced erosion is apparently different among different water level fluctuation conditions. When the water level is falling, the main erosion happens after 15-30 minutes; and the soil erosion on slope central part is the most serious. Whereas, during the water level is rising or fixed, the most serious soil erosion happens on upper and central parts of slope. Under dif- ferent water level changing conditions, soil erosion rates on the slope is fast at early stage and slow at late stage. Affection of water tongue is one of the most important factors to the soil slope erosion. When the pro- tection component is used on the reservoir bank, the way to reduce the clapping strength of water tongue on the slope could be considered.