城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场存在的问题及探讨

传统的生活垃圾填埋场阻止水分进入场内,封场后的填埋场变成了一个“垃圾的干墓穴”,越来越低的湿含量降低了场内微生物的降解活动,延长了填埋场的维护期,增加了垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的长期潜在的可能性,对填埋场的底部防渗系统提出了很高要求．传统的“干坟墓式”填埋场改进为生物反应器型填埋场,已经将被动的垃圾降解过程改进为由人类主动控制的加速降解过程．但是,生物填埋场仍然没有完全脱离干墓式填埋场限制垃圾渗滤液产生的设计理念．结合垃圾填埋发展的趋势,作推荐了一种新的“湿式”填埋模式,有待进一步的实验和理论研究．

Discuss on the Issues of Sanitary Landfills for Municipal Solid Waste

The current design of municipal solid waste landfills is primary based on a permanent storage and containment or "dry cell" concept. The idea is to minimize the amount of water entering the waste to restrict formation of leachate and gas to reduce environmental impacts. However, as the containment system ages it may become ineffective and introduce a long-term risk of uncontrolled leachate and gas leaks. In recent years, there has been a strong trend to shift the philosophy of landfill design from the "dry cell" towards a "wet cell", for example, the bioreactor. The bioreactor has a lot of advantages, compared with the traditional "dry-cell" concept, but it is incomplete in its concept. After discussing on the advantages and disadvantages of the current landfills, the author suggests a new landfill concept, which has to be further investigated by experimental and theoretical research.