玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体量子模拟实验技术进展

玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）的最初理论在1925年由爱因斯坦和玻色提出，直到1994年才通过激光冷却原子气体的方法在实验室实现，并于2001年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。BEC具有宏观量子特性并且具有较长的相干时间，因此是开展量子模拟研究的重要平台。随着光阱、光晶格、微结构光阱和量子气体显微镜等技术的发展，基于BEC的量子模拟器不仅能够用于研究凝聚态物理中已有的基本模型，而且能够探索自然界中不存在的新奇量子物理现象和量子物态。甚至在非平衡和动力学演化研究方面，BEC量子模拟器可以用来研究当前物理实验中无法观测的快速量子物理现象。

Laboratory Techniques of Quantum Simulation using Bose-Einstein Condensates

The theory of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) was firstly proposed by Einstein and Bose in 1925. Until 1994, the pure BEC was realized through laser cooling of atomic gases and won the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics. BEC has macroscopic quantum property and very long coherence time, which benefits the quantum simulation experimental study. Especially the development of BEC experiment techniques such as optical dipole trap, optical lattice, configurable micro-trap and quantum gases microscope. The BEC is a great quantum simulator in the research of fundamental models of condensed matter physics. Furthermore, BEC can be used to explore the new quantum physics and quantum states which dont exist in the natural word. Even in the understanding of non-equilibrium state and dynamic evolution, the fast quantum procedure can be detected by the BEC quantum simulator which is impossible in the traditional physics experiment.