上海湿地生态系统的效益分析

上海是一座湿地面积占23.5%的海滨特大城市。由于湿地生态系统功能和服务的多面性,给人类尤其是上海带来巨大的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。上海湿地的主要功能是为城市的持续发展提供生态屏障作用,维持生物多样性,净化和过滤等生态服务以及防风暴及保护海岸线功能。上海湿地的社会效益主要有旅游休闲、历史及文化价值、教育及科学研究等价值,促进湿地周边地区经济的可持续发展。上海湿地的直接经济效益主要指湿地生态系统产生的产品的价值,它包括食品、农业产品及其它生产原料、景观娱乐等产生的直接价值,直接经济效益可用产品的市场价格来估算。同时上海还有国际重要湿地,涉及国际共同利益和效益。因此,为求得上海湿地可持续开发和保护,必须将经济效益、生态效益和社会效益放在同等重要的条件上,不能片面追求单个效益目标,正确的做法是在提高经济效益中十分重视生态效益,在提高生态效益中尽可能争取高的经济效益,并达到社会效益的有效提高,从而实现上海湿地生态系统生态经济效益的最优化。

The Benefits Analysis of Shanghai Wetland Ecosystem

Shanghai City is a coastal metropolitan city with various types of natural and constructed wetland,which account for 23.5% of its total area.Due to multifunction and rich service of wetland ecosystem,Shanghai City wins a great deal of ecological,economic,and social benefit to support its urban sustainable development.The major function of Shanghai wetland is to play an important role in ecological barrier,such as maintaining the biodiversity,purifying and filtering water,guarding against the storm and protecting the coastline.The social function of Shanghai wetland is to provide space for traveling leisure,education and scientific research,to promote the peripheral economy sustainable development of wetland,and to deposit history and cultural value.The direct economic benefit of Shanghai wetland mainly refer to what the wetland ecosystem produces,such as food,agricultural products and other raw materials et al,which might be estimated by the market price of the products.On the other hand,some wetland in this area belongs to Internationally Important Wetland,attracting international common interests and benefit.In order to maintain sustainable development of Shanghai wetland,the ecological,economic,and social benefit should be paid the same attention.It's not wisdom to pursue one simple benefit and give up the others.Nevertheless,more attention should be paid for ecological benefit when raising economic benefit.The social benefit therefore would be effectively enhanced.