开封市近60年来旱涝发生规律及对农业影响的分析

采用《中国近五百年旱、涝分布图集》中给出的旱、涝标准,对开封1951—2008年近60年的降水资料进行旱、涝等级分析.分析表明:开封市旱、涝的地域分布很不均匀,出现旱的次数明显多于涝.一年四季中以出现偏旱到旱的次数最多,特别是在冬、春两季较为显著;而夏秋两季旱、涝分布则基本相等,夏季出现偏涝到涝的次数多一些,秋季出现偏旱到旱的的次数略多一些.由于开封灌溉条件较差,干旱仍然是制约农业生产的首要不利因素,作为水资源比较短缺的城市,人工增雨是开发云中水资源、缓解农业旱情的有效途径.在农业生产中,要着重抓好春季和夏季的旱涝防御,防旱和防涝两手抓.

The Regularity of Drought and Flood Occurrd and Impact on Agriculture Analysis Nearly 60 in Kaifeng City

In the adoption《Chinese 500 years drought and flood distribute diagram to gather 》to of drought and flood standard,analysed the decline water data to carry on drought and flood grade nearly bo from 1951 to 2008 in kaifeng city.And show：The region of drought and flood in Kaifeng distributes very asymmetry,Appear dry number of times obviously is more than flood.A year in the four seasons with appear to be partial to a drought to arrive drought of of the number of times is the most.Especially compare in the winter,spring.But summer and autumn two quarter the drought and flood distribute basic then equal,appearing to is partial to the number of times that the flood arrives flood in summer is much some,the autumn appears to be partial to a drought to arrive drought of of the number of times is slightly a little bit many.Because Kaifeng irrigates a condition worse,the drought still keeps being the initial disadvantageous factor of check and supervision agriculture production,as water resources more missing city,artificial’s increasing rain is to develop a water resources in cloud,alleviate the effective path of agriculture drought feeling.The important step is heavy to grasp spring and summer of the drought and flood defendoof in the agriculture,defend drought and defend flood two hands to grasp.