《古文辞类纂》与《古文观止》编选异同微探

（闽南师范大学文学院,福建 漳州 363000) ［摘要］《古文观止》是清初科举政策影响下产生的蒙学教材，《古文辞类纂》则是在乾嘉时期骈文复兴的背景下为提倡古文“正统”而产生的。基于两书选文情况判断，《古文观止》与《古文辞类纂》的文体分类相似，但姚鼐所编《古文辞类纂》在分类上比《古文观止》更为详细。就写作背景与目的来看，《古文观止》为迎合统治者需要，选文的文风偏向于典雅醇正，选入少量骈文，为八股文写作服务；《古文辞类纂》则是姚鼐用来宣扬自己的文统、道统，借古文彰显自己的主张的。基于吴楚材、吴调侯与姚鼐对道统的不同理解，《古文观止》以选文体现纲常伦理，而《古文辞类纂》则不对六经文章妄加评议，实际上均是推崇程朱理学的体现。二书的成书时代影响编者的编选目的，这是导致两种古文选本差异的主要原因。

A Comparative Study of two Classic Anthologies ofGuwen Guanzhi and Guwen Cilei Zuan

  Abstract:Guwen Guanzhi or The Finest of Ancient Prose is a book for beginning learners compiled by Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou under the influence of the imperial examination system in the early Qing Dynasty,and Guwen Cilei Zuan,or The Anthology of Ancient Prose was produced amid the parallel prose boom in the Qianlong and Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty to promote the orthodoxy status of ancient prose.The two books are similar in literary style,yet Guwen Cilei Zuan compiled by Yao Nai has a more detailed classification,judging from their selections.Writings in Guwen Guanzhi are elegant and classic in style to cater to the needs of the sovereign with a few parallel writings as samples of the stereotyped eight part writings for the imperial examination.In comparison,prose of Guwen Cilei Zuan advocates Yao Nais literary ideas and Confucian thoughts.Based on the different understanding of Confucianism by the compilers,Guwen Guanzhi selection embodies the ethics of Confucianism,while Guwen Cilei Zuan selection shows respect to the Neo Confucianism and bears no negative comments on the Six Classics.To conclude,these two classic books compiled at different periods serve different purposes of their compilers,which explains the difference in writings selected for them.