鱼类色素细胞及其生态学意义概述

本文综述了鱼类色素细胞的起源、分类以及体色的生态学意义。作为脊椎动物最大的类群,鱼类具有6种起源于神经嵴的色素细胞,其中黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞、红色素细胞和蓝色素细胞含有相应色素物质,而彩虹细胞和白色素细胞是通过嘌呤类结晶体的反射作用呈色。色素细胞的数量、大小以及分布情况,加上不同发育时期的变化,决定了鱼类的体色多样性。鱼类的体色作为视觉信号系统,在其生活史关键过程中起到十分重要的作用,主要用于个体的生存和社会种群交流,具体可体现为模拟色、婚姻色等;而紫外体色大大拓展了鱼类视觉信号系统的范围,用于种群内部交流,具有较高的隐蔽性,是为躲避捕食者而形成的一种适应性策略。充分了解鱼类色素细胞的多样性以及体色形成的复杂性,可为深入探索鱼类行为学和种群交流提供科学基础,同时可为优质经济鱼类的人工繁育提供参考。

Overview of Fish Pigment Cells and the Ecological Significance

The origin,classification and ecological significance of fish pigment cells are reviewed. As the largest groups of vertebrates,fish has six pigment cells originating from the neural crest. The melanophores,xanthophores,erythrophores and cyanophores contain corresponding pigment material,while the iridophores and leucophores display colors by the reflection of purine crystals. The number,size and distribution of pigment cells at different developmental stages determine the diversity of body color of fish. As a visual signal system,the body color of fish plays a very important role in key processes of its life history.The body color of fish is mainly used for individual survival and social population communication,which can be embodied as mimical colors,nuptial colors,etc.The ultraviolet body color greatly expands the scope of the fish visual signal system and is used for internal communication of the intra-population. It has a high concealment and is an adaptive strategy formed to avoid predators.Fully understanding the diversity of fish pigment cells and the complexity of body color formation can provide a scientific basis for the exploration of fish behavior and population exchange,and can provide a reference for the artificial breeding of high-quality economic fish at the same time.