景德"青花"下西洋

中国有"青花瓷"始于唐,成于南宋(1127-1279),圆熟于元(1279-1368),兴盛于明初,特别是永乐(1403-1425)、宣德(1426-1436)、成化(1465-1488)三朝.江西"景德镇"的产品,更是独步世界,达到了登峰造极的水平."三保太监"郑和(1371-1433)七下"西洋"(1405-1433)时,"彩绢瓷器"是最重要的"赏赐"品,大量青花乃随"宝船"远走四方,或赠或售扬名四海.青花用"回青"直接在瓷胚上画绘,再上一层无色透明釉,然后入窑,以高温还原焰一次烧成.青花的成功,除中国独有制瓷传统和瓷匠的精研努力外,另一项特殊因素是使用了"伊斯兰"传统的蓝色釉料回青、回回青和"南海"周边国家的苏麻离青、苏泥腊青、勃青等等.青花不仅使用了域外原料,在造型和纹饰上,也容纳了"伊斯兰"宗教和民族风格.这里仅讨论明初"青花",且以景德镇所出,于15世纪郑和下西洋时代前后者为主,也略论中国青花与阿拉伯青花间的关联.

The Treasure-ships and the Global Marketing of Blue-and-White Porcelain in Early Ming Dynasty

During Yongle(1402-1424) and Xuande(1425-1435) eras,the blue-and-white porcelain dominated the production of Jingdezhen kilns.The dragon-and-wave design plans prominent role as a decorative motif.The repertory of Early Ming decoration also included flowers and plants,both as principal themes and border designs.Towards the end of the 15th century,with the further expansion of the export trade,the extraordinary shapes and decorative motifs were introduced for the foreign markets by taking Arabic and European design.In this period,the porcelain(china) won its worldwide reputation of the historical high.This paper is only a brief case study on the Early Ming blue-and-white with emphasis on Jindezhe wares for Arabic world and farther.