基于单泡溃灭能量转化理论的空化实验研究进展

随着水力机械向大型化、高速化发展,船舶螺旋桨、水轮机及增压泵等相关设备设施的空化现象越来越严重,国内外学者对空泡溃灭能量转化进行了大量的实验研究,为降低空化侵蚀的损伤提供理论指导。本文首先概述了高速摄像技术、接触式水听器测量技术、非接触式光偏转法技术等方法在空泡相关实验研究中的应用,并分别讨论了其可实现的测试功能。其次综述了四类空泡能量耗散形式：一重建空泡能量;二不对称溃灭微射流能量;三压力波能量;四以热能和光能的形式耗散。最后总结了目前研究尚存在的不足,并在单泡溃灭能量转化理论模型、多空泡和复杂壁面场景下能量转化实验研究及深入探究材料空化侵蚀能量转化机制三个方面进行了展望,以期推动空泡溃灭能量转化理论及技术与方法的进展。

Progress in Experimental Research on Cavitation Based on Single Bubble Collapse Energy Conversion Theory

With the development of large-scale and high-speed hydraulic machinery, cavitation of marine propeller, water turbine, booster pump and other related equipment and facilities is becoming more and more serious. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of experimental research on the energy conversion of cavitation collapse, providing theoretical guidance for reducing cavitation damage. In this paper, the high-speed camera technology, contact hydrophone measurement technology, non-contact optical deflection method and other related technologies in bubble experimental research were summarized, and their achievable testing functions were discussed. Secondly, four dissipation forms of bubbles energy were summarized: (i) The energy of reconstructing bubbles; (ii) The energy of micro jets; (iii) The energy of pressure waves; (iv) Dissipation in the form of thermal and light energy. Finally, the deficiencies of current research were summarized, and prospects were made in three aspects: establishing a theoretical model of single bubble collapse energy conversion, expanding the experimental research scope of bubble collapse energy conversion to multiple cavities and complex wall scenes, and deeply exploring the mechanism of material cavitation energy change, in order to promote the development of bubble collapse energy conversion theory, technology and methods.