民航飞行人员神经行为能力测评工具开发及应用

为了开发民航飞行员神经行为能力测试系统，提出神经行为能力的测评方法。首先，通过相关文献及飞行员选拔的测评工具的研究，提出民航飞行员神经行为能力测评指标及测评方法；而后，使用Delphi编程实现系统构建及各测试项目的开发及优化，并招募组织40名飞行学员进行测试项目区分度检验及38名飞行学员进行重测信度检验。最后，招募891名飞行学员，根据被试所在年级、学习层次和测试时的状态进行三组差异性检验，探索不同年级、不同阶段及不同状态的飞行学员神经行为能力特征。结果表明：民航飞行员神经行为能力测评指标由感知觉能力、注意力、记忆力、警觉性、判断力、动作协调6个一级指标及12个二级指标构成；工具具有较好的区分度及重测信度，具备较好的一致性、可靠性及有效性；不同阶段的民航飞行学员在部分测试项目得分上差异存在显著性（P＜0.05），不同状态的飞行学员在所有测试项目上均存在差异，除空间位置记忆广度项目外，其余项目正常组的得分均优于困倦组（P＜0.05）。本测评系统能够较为有效且可靠的评估民航飞行员的神经行为能力，系统操作简单、实用性较强，具备较为广阔的应用空间。

The Development and Application of Pilot Neurobehavioral Evaluation System

In order to develop the test system of civil aviation pilots'' neurobehavioral ability, a method for evaluating the neurobehavioral ability is proposed. Firstly, through the research of relevant literature and the evaluation tools of pilot selection, the evaluation index and evaluation method of civil aviation pilots'' neurobehavioral ability were proposed. Secondly, Delphi was used to realize the system construction and the development and optimization of each test item, and forty student pilots were recruited and organized to carry out the test item discrimination test and thirty-eight student pilots to carry out the test-retest reliability test. Finally, three groups of difference tests were conducted according to eight hundred ninety-one student pilots'' grades, learning levels and test states to explore the characteristics of neurobehavioral ability of student pilots in different grades, different learning levels and different test states. The results show that the evaluation indexes of civil aviation pilots'' neurobehavioral ability are composed of six first-class indexes including perceptual ability, attention, memory, alertness, judgment and movement coordination and twelve second-class indexes. The tool has good discrimination, retest reliability, good consistency, reliability and effectiveness. There are significant differences in the scores of some test items among the civil aviation student pilots at different stages (P < 0.05), and there are differences in all test items among the student pilots at different states, except for the spatial location memory span item, the scores of the normal group are better than those of the sleepy group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the evaluation system can effectively and reliably evaluate the neurobehavioral ability of civil aviation pilots, and it is simple, practical and has a broad application space.