红螯螯虾的摄食行为及饵料选择性

对红螯螯虾的摄食行为进行了观察，并比较了红螯螯虾对几种饵料的选择性。结果表明，红螯螯虾的摄食过程可分为寻食、取食和清洗3个阶段。对单只红螯螯虾的摄食行为观察结果显示，投喂鱼肉、玉米、胡萝卜和配合饲料4种饵料时，红螯螯虾首次选择的饲料比率最高的为鱼肉，其次为玉米、胡萝卜，未选择配合饲料。对每次1 h的摄食过程的分析结果表明，红螯螯虾对玉米的摄食次数最多，且摄食时间最长，其次为鱼肉、胡萝卜，最后为配合饲料。小群体摄食观察结果表明，红螯螯虾会通过打斗获取优先摄食的机会，当每只红螯螯虾有机会同时摄取食物而不相遇时，未发现红螯螯虾因摄食而出现打斗行为。体重90 g左右的红螯螯虾对玉米颗粒粒径的偏好性强弱依次为2.5 mm、5 mm、1.5 mm和10 mm。投喂浸泡处理过的玉米，红螯螯虾的摄食速度提高。在鱼肉、玉米、胡萝卜和配合饲料4种饵料中，当同时投喂2种等量的饵料时，红螯螯虾对鱼肉的摄食速度最快，其次是玉米和配合饲料，对胡萝卜的摄食速度最慢。研究结果提示:在研制专用配合饲料时，必须考虑诱食性物质；在养殖过程中，可在饲料中添加诱食剂，以便红螯螯虾能尽快发现饲料，促进摄食；在喂养时，饵料宜分散投放。

Feeding Behavior and Food Selectivity of Redclaw Crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus

The feeding behavior of the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatuswas observed,and the selectivity of the crayfish to four kinds of feed was compared.The feeding process of the crayfish could be divided into three stages:searching,eating and cleaning.When four diets of fish meat,corn,carrot and formula feed were fed to a single crayfish at the same time,the probability of the fish meat as the first choice was the highest,then followed by corn and carrot,and formula feed was not selected.According to the feeding process in one hour,the crayfish had the most feeding times and the longest feeding time on corn,followed by fish meat and carrot,and finally formula feed.The results of small group feeding observation showed that crayfish would get priority feeding opportunities by fighting,and when each crayfish had chance to eat at the same time without meeting each other,no fighting behavior was found.For crayfish weighing about 90 g,the order of selectivity to corn grain size was 2.5 mm,5 mm,1.5 mm and 10 mm.Soaking corn before feeding could promote the feeding of crayfish.Additionally,when two diets of fish meat,corn,carrot and formula feed were fed with equal quantity at the same time,the feeding speed to fish meat was the fastest,followed by corn and formula feed,and the feeding speed to carrot was the slowest.The results suggested that the effect of attractant substance and the feed’s palatability should be considered in the development of special formula feed,so that crayfish can find the feed as soon as possible and promote feeding.And the feed should be distributed separately in the process of culture.