铜仁-松桃地区南华系大塘坡式锰矿地质特征及成矿规律探讨

贵州省东北部铜仁-松桃地区是我国南方南华纪大塘坡期锰矿的重要集中区，随着近年一系列大型-超大型锰矿床的发现，该地区逐渐成为地质研究和找矿的热点。在贵州省锰矿资源潜力评价（2012年）工作取得的成果基础上，选取铜仁-松桃地区大塘坡式锰矿为例，分析了锰矿床形成的控制和影响因素，并重点对锰质来源和锰的矿化过程进行了分析和论述。研究表明，古构造决定了聚锰盆地的形态、大小及规模等，控制锰矿的形成；成矿期岩相古地理对锰矿的形成具有重要影响，海岸相区-海湾相最有利于形成大规模优质锰矿，浅海陆棚内盆地亚相其次，陆棚平原亚相内则基本不产锰矿。基于前人对大塘坡式锰矿成矿物质来源的不同观点，认为锰质具有深源特征，锰质是通过海底火山喷发引起的热液喷流沉积或者深大断裂热卤水循环方式运移，与大气圈中CO2或海底渗漏的天然气水合物（冷泉）结合沉淀成矿。在上述分析基础上，总结了区内找矿的主要标志及预测要素，给出了9个最小最优选区。

Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Regularity for Nanhuan Datangpo Manganese Deposits from Tongren- Songtao Region

Nanhuan Datangpo manganese deposits was widely distributed in the Songtao -Tongren area of Northeastern Guizhou, South China. As some large and ultralarge scale manganese deposits had been explored these years, the area becomes a focus for geological study and mineral prospection. On the basis of the work of ＂Potential Evaluation for Manganese Resources in Guizhou Province （ 2012 ） , Nanhuan Datangpo manganese deposits from the Tongren- Songtao region was selected as an example for the purpose of investigating the controlling factors on formation of the manganese deposits, as well as the origin of manganese and the metallogenic process. Results show that paleo tectonics controls the pattern of the manganese accumulation basins and thereby influencing the scale and the spread of the deposits. Lithofacies palaeogeography also has significant impacts on the manganese deposits formation, coast -bay facies are benefit for large - scale high - quality manganese deposits, followed by inner basins in continental shelf, and hardly any manganese is formed in the plain facies of the shelf. According to the controversial viewpoints proposed by some previous studies, our comparative analysis reveals that manganese is of deep - origin features, and it was moved up through the thermal brine circulation or the hydrothermal exhalative sedimentation caused by the submarine volcano eruption, and then the manganese sediments with atmos-pheric CO2 or cold seep carbonates. At last, some indicators were put forward for manganese prospection and 9 selected areas were sketched.