浙江地形对台风Khanun影响的数值试验和机理分析

以2005年严重影响我国华东地区的登陆台风Khanun为研究对象,利用MM5模式对其登陆浙江过程进行了数值模拟,通过模拟结果和实况的对比表明,模式对台风路径和降水的模拟是成功的,在台风移向移速、暴雨强度和落区上与实况十分吻合,但在台风强度模拟上则较实况偏小.在控制试验比较成功的基础上,本文还设计了3个敏感性试验,分析了浙江地形对台风路径、强度和降水的影响及其机理,它们分别为地形加倍、减半和无地形试验.试验结果表明,浙江地形对台风Khanun移动路径没有显著影响,这可能与浙江地形高度较低和环境场强引导气流有关.在降水强度上,浙江地形对暴雨的增幅作用十分显著,由地形强迫产生的降水和地形走向相一致.迎风坡由于地形动力抬升作用有利于上升运动加强,使得对流发展旺盛,降雨量增加,背风坡降雨量减少,浙江中北部沿海地区由于地形强迫产生了与台风环流同位向的扰动使得台风环流明显增强,形成暴雨中心.有无地形影响下的螺旋度对比显示,暴雨增幅区与低层正螺旋度差值区和高层负螺旋度差值区相对应,螺旋度差这种高低层耦合是触发和维持台风暴雨的动力机制,有利于台风螺旋结构的维持和强降水的发生.

Numerical Experiment and Mechanism Analysis on the Effect of Zhejiang Orography on Typhoon Khanun

The landfall process of typhoon Khanun which affected East China seriously is simulated by using MM5 model and the track and the precipitation of the typhoon are successfully reproduced, then through sensitive tests, the effect of Zhejiang orography and the mechanism are analyzed. Results show that the orography has little effect on the track of typhoon, which may be due to the height of orography and strong steering flow. As regards to rainfall,it increases significantly on the windward side while deceases on the lee side. The circulation of typhoon Khanun on middle-north coastal of Zhejiang Province is enhanced significantly to form a rainstorm center due to the mesoscale turbulences initiated by orographic forcing, which is in the same phase as the local circulation of typhoon.