元素周期系界限问题研究

本文以四个立论为基础对原子的存在提出“空间限制”和“时间限制”概念。从“空间限制”考虑,原子存在的界限是Z=131-153号元素;从“时间限制”考虑,原子存在的界限是Z=125号元素,由此认为周期系界限的大体范围是在Z=125-131号元素。

STUDY ON THE BOUNDARY LIMIT OF THE PERIODIC SYSTEM

The boundary limit of the periodic system is a significant question.Two concepts for the existence ofatom and cation are proposed in this paper,one is space-restriction and the other time-restriction.Ac-cording to the modern atomic structure theory,as atom is a body of the unity of opposites which consistsof the nuclens and the electrons,atom can not exist until both the nucleus and the electrons outside thenucleus exist.If anyone of the two partic is destroyed,that is to say,the condition of the stable exist-ence of atom is lose,atom will transmute into the bodies of the different level immediately.Thinking thetotal of the nucleus and electron shells,with the rise of the atomic number,the shell number outside thenucleus increases to enable the atomic volume to increase.As the atomic number increases,the attractionof the nucleus to the electrons in the shells inereases.when the nuclcar charges of atom become big enoughso that the inner electrons of atom are attracted on the nucleus in succession(It is mainly K shell),wholeelectronic shell structure of atom will collapse and atom will not exist.The limit to result in collapse ofatomic structure should be the existence limit of atom.The atomic number increasing,The atomic vol-ume will-incrcase with the rise of the electron shells outside nucleus.At the same time as the atomic num-ber become big enough,the electronic shell structure will collapse.It is said that the existence of atom isbeen in control of the space restriction and the space restriction is regarded as Z=137.The existence ofcation out of atom is been in control of the space restriction like atom,too.It is obtained that the exist-ence limit of cation is among element 131-153 of transactinides in the 8th period.The transuraniums areunstable.With the rise of the atomic number,the half-time become rapidly shorter.From thinking overthe half-time or the life,the existence of atom is been in control of the measurable shortest time,thatis,the atom exists for the time which can be measured.The limit of the time should be 10~(-23) second whichis a strong interaction time among the heavy particle.When the life of the unstable nucleus or thehalf-time is less than the limit of the time,it is considered that the nucleus does not exist.The half-time t of the longest life isotopes of transuraniums varies with the atomic number Z according to the followingapproximate linear relation lgτ=-1.173Z+116.7.If 10~(-23) second is regarded as the limit half-time of theunstable elements,existence limit of atom will be Z=125.In general the authors discuss the boundarylimit of the periodic system from the time—space—restriction and regard that it is within from the 125th tothe 131st element.