安徽巢湖杭埠河流域近50a来降水和径流特征探讨

通过对安徽杭埠河流域近50a来水文资料分析，得出以下结论：（1）杭埠河的水源主要以降水补给为主，年径流量的变化随年降水量的变化而变化．流域内特大的降水发生在1954年、1969年、1991年，干旱发生在1978年，其次是1965年～1968年．（2）典型水文站的水位主要受降水影响，晓天站的年均水位整体趋势在1952年～2000年是下降的；龙河口水库坝上站的水位、年径流量变化较大，是由于水库的调蓄作用引起的；但巢湖的年均水位在20世纪50年代以后整体是上升的，这是由于上游泥沙汇入引起淤积导致的．（3）流域内的年降水量较大的年份与该年的太阳黑子相对数峰值具有较好的对应关系，由此可见影响降水的因素与太阳活动密切相关；通过与厄尔尼诺现象的发生对比，发现流域内的降水异常年主要发生在厄尔尼诺年，流域的降水主要是受全球的大气候影响而变化．

Trend analysis of the precipitation and runoff of the Hangbu river watershed over the past 50 years

Analysizing the past near 50 years hydrological data in the Hangbu River basin,the authors draw such conclusions:(1) the precipitation is the main source of the Hangbu River,the runoff increased with the increase of the precipitation in the watershed and the big flood happened in the 1954,1969,1991 while worst drought happening in the 1978,(2) typical hydrological stations' water levels were fluctuated with the precipitation,and the decent trend of water level of the Xiaotian Station was obvious from 1952 to 2000.The annual average of water level and runoff in the Longhekou Station varied greatly after the accomplishment of the dam because of the reservoir's function of regulating the outlet water.The Chaohu Lake's annual average of water level increased from 1955 to 2000 and the reason was that the bed of Chaohu Lake was filled up by sand carried by upward rivers,(3) the precipitation in the Hangbu Rivier watershed was influenced greatly by the solar action because the larger precipitation was corresponded with the sunspot relative number's peak value well in the same year.Through the relativity analysis of the El Nino in the earth and precipitation in the Hangbu River watershed,the result was that the precipitation's unconventionality mainly took place in the El-Nino year and the precipitation was controlled by the global climate change.