渭河流域陕西片的水环境特性

针对流经陕西境内的渭河干流主要断面的流量逐年减少,而入河污染负荷却保持着增加趋势,导致渭河水质超标严重这一水环境现状,分析了渭河流域陕西片的降雨特性,并以降雨形式、地表特性(土壤类型,前期土壤湿润程度,土地利用)、地形特征等因素为基础,利用SCS模型进行了流域产流量的模拟计算。从降雨量与产流量的关系表明,单场降雨量小于6 mm时较难产生地表径流;由于流域片内除径流外没有可以利用的其他水资源。提出了改善渭河水质须削减入河污染负荷和增加河道流量并行措施。

The Characteristics of Water Environment in Shaanxi Sub-Basin of Weihe River

With a great decreasing of annual flow,and a big increasing of pollutant loading,the Weihe River suffers serious pollution at most of the sections in Shaanxi sub-basin.In this paper,a characterization of rainfall,runoff and pollutant loading in this sub-basin,and an analysis of the water environment in this area are analyzed.In order to calculate the quantity of surface runoff due to rainfall in the sub-basin,local runoff analysis is conducted by taking into account of rainfall patterns,surface characteristics(soil type,soil wetness,land utilization etc.) and topographic features of the sub-basin area,and using the SCS(soil conservation services) model.The result indicates that rainfall less than 6 mm is difficult to bring runoff.In order to improve the water environment of the Weihe River,the measures of reducing pollutant load and increasing flow of the river are formulated.