同伴侵害发生的生态分析

同伴侵害是个体成为同伴攻击对象的经历．外部特异性假设认为儿童受攻击是由于其自身的一些外部异常特征，儿童的这些异常特征常常构成别人攻击他的理由或借口；依恋理论认为儿童早期与照顾者形成的不安全依恋影响儿童的社会交往方式，导致其日后遭受攻击；而羞耻重建理论则从个体情绪管理的机制来解释同伴侵害现象．同伴侵害作为一种社会性行为，其发生、维持和终止是儿童主体与其所处的生态环境交互作用的产物．

PEER VICTIMIZATION AND ITS ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Peer victimization is the experience among children of being a target of aggressive behavior of their peers.External Deviation Hypothesis points out that children's external deviation may be the cause of being bullied.Attachment Theory emphasizes that children's early attachment experiences will influence their later development,and that insecurely attached infants may have more possibilities of being bullied later.The main focus of Reintegrative Theory is on the shame management variables and their contribution to peer victimization above and beyond the contributions of other variables.As a kind of social behaviors,the occurrence,maintenance and termination of peer victimization is influenced by individual and ecological context within which children live.