论风险社会下的刑罚目的观

进入21世纪,面对着科学技术与物质文明水平的飞速发展,人们越发意识到所赖以生存的社会存在着许多无法预知的风险,日益加速的现代化和全球化进程已经将传统社会推向风险社会的风口浪尖,因此在风险社会理论的大背景下迫切需要刑法理念的转变与更新。在刑事立法方面日趋呈现出了刑罚积极主义的倾向,犯罪处罚的早期化、犯罪圈扩大化、法益概念的抽象化等特征也日益凸显,这一转变追根究底是刑罚目的观的转化。风险社会更呼吁刑法构建一个以积极的一般预防为目的刑罚体系,并以此为核心衍生风险刑法的其他理论。但积极的一般预防仍要以人权的保障和罪责原则为界限,时刻保持刑法的谦抑性。

On the Concept of the Penalty Purpose under the Theory of Risk Society

Entering the 21st century,facing the rapid development of science,technology and material civilization level,people increasingly realizes that there are many unpredictable risks in the survival society,the accelerating modernization and globalization have pushed the traditional society to the forefront of risk society,so there is an urgent need to transform and update the criminal law concept in the context of risk society theory.In criminal legislation,there is increasingly presented the tendency of ＂penal activism＂,criminal penalties shows the early expansion,crime circle is also growing,the concept of legal is abstract.The shift is the transformation of the punishment purpose of view.The risk society more calls for the criminal law to build a positive punishment system for the purpose of general prevention,and other derivative theories of criminal law.But positive prevention is still in the guarantee of human rights and principle of culpability boundaries,to keep the tolerance of the criminal law.