褐色脂肪组织产热

褐色脂肪组织（BAT）是小哺乳动物非颤抖性产热（NST）的主要器官，该组织具有一个独特的非偶联呼吸机制，它是由细胞线粒体内膜上的解偶联蛋白（UCP）所决定的。当BAT受到产热刺激时，GDP对UCP的抑制作用被解除，从而引起热量的快速生成。环境温度、光照、食物及甲状腺激素等因素影响着BAT的产热状态。

Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a kind of thermogenic organ of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in small mammals. The key element in BAT heat production is the uncoupling protein (UCP), a unique protein located in the inner membrane of BAT mitochondria. When the cell is activated by thermogenic stimulation, the conformation of the UCP is altered, thereby allowing protons to reenter the mitochondrial matrix via a pathway independent of the ATP-synthesizing pathway. The rate of substrate oxidation is faster during this uncoupling because the rate-limiting step of ATP synthesis is bypassed. The structural and functional state BAT is regulated by many factors, such as environmental temperature, photoperiod, food and thyroid hormone etc.