新银合欢生长特性和生物质能生产的研究

<正>一、引言 新银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador)为乔木型,是具有多用途的优良能源树种,能提供燃料、木材,饲料和肥料,且可作食用、装饰、庭园与营造行道树、防火林带、农田防护林、水土保持林及固沙之用。目前很多国家和地区都已广泛栽培,遍布于北纬30°和南纬30°之间。菲律宾用栽植新银合欢解决能源,已发挥了巨大作用。我国何敬真教授于1962年从东南亚引进此树种,并在海南岛华南热带作物研究院试种,此后在广东海南和湛江地区进行栽植试验,但因“文革”干扰破坏,未能推广发展。徐燕千教授和本文

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION OF LEACAENA LEUCOCEPHALACV. SALVADOR

Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador is a tropical lowland species, which has been introduced and grows well in south China. This arboreal type Leucaena can successfully adapt in a wide range of climatic conditions. But it is highly sensitive to soil conditions. The plant grows well only in neutral or alkaline soils (acidity over pH 7) .It has a normal growth in the soils that have an acidity of over pH 5.5, organic matter content more than 1.5% and the fertility on a medium level. It grows poorly in acidic soils and can hardly survive in barren soils below an acidity of pH 4.5.This type Leucaena can produce a large quantity of nutritious forage, rich manure, excellent firewood, and wood of useful size for timber or pulp. Generally, the annual yield (dry weight basis) of forage or organic fertilizer is 23.5?7 tons per ha, and that of firewood is 6.5?2.0 tons per ha. The production of biomass energy is some 300104~2400104 kcal per ha every year. It is possible to provide an annual increment of 20?0 cubic mater per ha in the volum of wood in the southern part of Guangdong province. The plant has a lot of uses. It not only provides various products, but also has an enormous protective effect on the envirommental conditions. Consequently, it is a promising candidate for developing multiplepurpose forestry, that plays an important role in improving rural economics and creating a more reasonable agriculturalecosystem. However, this arboreal type Leucaena still remains a neglected tree species, and its full potential is not yet realized in China.