英汉词义宽窄对比

英汉两种语言中的相应词汇所涵盖的语义范围往往各不相同，到底是“英宽汉窄”还是“汉宽英窄”，从宏观角度来下判断往往不能导出科学的结论，但若从微观角度、从不同的层面分析，可发现英汉词义各有宽窄。从英汉上义词、下义词、同义词及多义词的角度入手探讨对比，可找到英汉词义宽窄的某些规律；而从词汇学、词源学、语义学及社会文化因素等方面也可找到其相应的理据。     

New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (part I)

Continuing examination of colonial ascidians in museum collections is revealing further diversity in the family Didemnidae, which abounds in the tropical Indo-West Pacific and around the Australian continent (Kott, 2001). From the present work, it is apparent that much remains to be learnt about this fauna. Of the 45 species discussed in this paper, 16 are new. Larvae are described for the first time for Polysyncraton pedunculatum Kott, 2001 and P. rica Kott, 2001. Amongst the synonymy established in this paper Didemnoides tropicum Sluiter, 1909 is found to be a junior synonym of Lissoclinum patella (Gottschaldt, 1898) and Trididemnum vermiforme Kott, 2001 a junior synonym of T. nobile Kott, 2001. Didemnum nekozita Tokioka, 1967 is found to be a valid species distinct from Polysyncraton cuculliferum (Sluiter, 1909). Prolific replication rates, rapid colony growth, flexibility in growth form and a viviparous habit result in convergence tending to small zooid size, and similar large, increasingly complex colonies found in this family contribute to species diversity around the whole of the Australian continent.     

Water mites of the genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) from Hokkaido,northern Japan

Nine species of Hygrobates (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) from Hokkaido, Japan are described or redescribed from newly collected material and historical specimens. Treated herein are eight species in the subgenus Hygrobates, including one new species, H. bibi sp. nov., as well as H. calliger Piersig, ; H. foreli (Lebert, ); H. japonicus Uchida, ; H. longipalpis (Hermann, ); H. longiporus Thor, ; H. nigromaculatus Lebert, ; and H. sokolowi Thor, . Also treated is H. ezoensis Uchida, in the subgenus Rivobates. A lectotype and paralectotype are designated for H. japonicus Uchida, . Hygrobates (s. str.) heteropalpis Imamura, is synonymized with H. calliger Piersig, . The name H. ezoensis Uchida, is resurrected from synonymy with H. diversiporus Sokolow, . Six species previously known from Hokkaido were collected in the study: H. foreli, H. japonicus, H. longipalpis, H. longiporus, H. diversiporus, and H. ezoensis. New records for both Hokkaido and Japan include H. nigromaculatus and H. sokolowi. A species previously recorded from Hokkaido, H. taniguchii Imamura, , was not found in this study. Three new characters are proposed as useful for the taxonomy of the genus Hygrobates: the ratio of the distance between the P‐4 ventral setae to P‐4 length, the ratio of the length of the longest terminal seta on IV‐L‐5 to the length of IV‐L‐5, and the nature of the outer border of the genital plates.     

基于同义词词林的中文文本主题词提取

中文文本主题词的提取可以浓缩一篇文章,可以提炼一个中文网页,还可以帮助实现网上广告与网页的精确匹配。提出了一种基于同义词词林的中文文本主题词提取方法,不仅考虑了传统的影响主题词语权重的因素,还考虑到了同义词、相关词以及下位词的出现对于词语权重的影响。实验表明,用该方法对中文文本     

俄英医学同义术语的类型划分及英俄、汉俄医学词典编纂启示

同义现象是术语学界长期关注的热点问题,也是当代极具现实意义和有争议的问题。术语的同义现象是建立在表达同一个专业概念的不同术语单位基础上的一种语义关系。通过对医学各领域同义术语(主要是俄语和英语)的分析和描写,划分同义术语的类型,确定现代医学术语的特点,进而发现现代医学双语(主要是英俄、汉俄)词典中暂时还缺乏关于在术语系统功能化条件下使用某一同义术语的相关信息。因此,英俄、汉俄医学词典应对同义术语做相关的信息标注,以帮助使用者选取某一具体医学领域最适合的同义术语。     

中国五加科羽叶参属和五加属的新组合和新异名

在编写《Flora of China》五加科英文版时,查阅了当今国内、外的主要植物标本室中的馆藏标本,包拈五加科的模式、副模式及其他的大量标本,笔者得到一些新的认识和发现。在此主要报道羽叶参属和五加属中新修订的一些分类群,其中有1个新组合Penta panax longipes Shang et C．F．Ji;1个新的等级Eleuthero—coccus leucorrhizus var．setchuenensis（Harms）Shang＆J．Y．Huang;1个新变种E．trifoliatus var．inte—gerrimus Shang＆P．Lowry。另外还对20个植物名称进行了分类讨论,将它们分别置于正确的种名之下,作为异名处理。     

Revision of the obligate mushroom‐feeding African “dung beetle” genus Coptorhina Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

The African genus Coptorhina Hope is revised. Nine new synonymies are established which reduces the number of valid names from 15 to six. One new species is also described. The name changes are the following: C. subaenea Janssens, C. bicolor Ancey, C. pygmaea Balthasar and C. saganicola Müller are considered junior synonyms of C. nitidipennis Boheman; C. africana Hope, C. vicina Péringuey, C. obtusicornis Boheman, C. punctata Ferreira and C. optata Péringuey are considered junior synonyms of C. klugii Hope. The new species, C. excavata sp. n., is described from southern Africa. A key to the species and notes on biology are given.     

科技英汉翻译中的词义选择

从多词一义，一词多义，词义的专业化选择和词义的习惯表达等方面论述了科技英汉翻译中的词义选择问题．     

一种改进的基于同义词替换的中文文本信息隐藏方法

通过深入分析当前针对中文的基于同义词替换的自然语言信息隐藏算法，发现由于存在大量不完全可替换的同义词词组，经过同义词替换后可能会破坏句子的语义一致性，针对这一缺点，提出了一种改进的基于同义词替换的中文文本信息隐藏算法，该算法利用知网对同义词词组进行分类，对于不完全可替换的同义词词组，通过依存句法分析来获取同义词的上下文搭配词语，根据搭配词语判断是否进行替换，实验结果表明，该算法能有效地排除错误的同义词替换，替换的准确率达到89.1％。     

关于我国民族古文字性质的同义比较：意义与任务

在中国民族古文字的研究领域中，界定文字性质是一个十分复杂的问题。对一个文字系统的定性和命名可以是多角度的。一个文字系统的性质是随着时间的推进与空间的转换而变化的，使用文字的范围与人群也可能对文字系统的性质发生影响。运用同义比较的方法，既可能解决一些同文字性质相关的具体问题与实践问题，又可能解决一些与之相关的宏观问题与理论问题。