Two new species of asterocherid (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with a sponge from the Strait of Messina,Italy: taxonomic and ecological traits

Two new species of asterocherid associated with sponges are described from the Mediterranean Sea. They are Psilomyzon laetitiae sp. nov. and Psilomyzon sarcotragusicola sp. nov. The genus Psilomyzon consists of only one known species, P. pauciseta. The two new species can be easily distinguished from the cogener species by reduction of the endopod of leg 4. In P. pauciseta the leg 4 endopod is 3-segmented, with the third segment reduced; in both new species it is 2-segmented, with the second segment carrying an inner projection, possibly homologous to the third segment of the leg 4 endopod of P. pauciseta. In the two new species, the bifid outer process on male leg 4 second endopodal segment seems to be serially homologous to the similar processes on the same segment in legs 1–3, whereas the inner projection may represent a vestigial element of the third endopodal segment of leg 4.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:33BF0653-BBA9-426B-B365-5D8C62DFD44A     

circRNA研究进展

环形RNA（circular RNAs,circRNAs）是一类通过反向剪接所形成的闭合环状RNA分子,广泛存在于各种生物细胞中,并且具有结构稳定、表达量丰富以及在不同组织及其不同发育阶段具有表达特异性等特征。circRNAs可以作为miRNA海绵调控m iRNA的表达,通过cis或trans调控其母基因的表达,并参与蛋白的翻译。此外,circRNA在神经发育及相关疾病的发生和发展过程中起着重要的调控作用,有望成为疾病诊断的分子标志物。本文就circRNA的分子特征、形成机制、功能、常用的数据库及其与神经系统疾病的关系做一综述。     

Anti-muscarinic activity of a family of C11N5 compounds isolated fromAgelas sponges

In a search for potential target sites for C₁₁N₅ compounds obtained from marine sponges of the genusAgelas we evaluated their interaction with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from rat brain membranes. In competition experiments with³H-QNB these compounds displayed the following rank order of potency: sceptrin>oroidindibromosceptrinclathrodin. Sceptrin (50 M) was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of³H-QNB binding as revealed by Scatchard analysis. The results demonstrate the ability of these compounds to interact with multiple target molecules in the micromolar range.     

Enhancement of water absorption capacity and compressibility of hydrogel sponges prepared from gelatin/chitosan matrix with different polyols

The hydrogel sponges have prepared successfully from gelatin/chitosan (GEL/CTS) matrix with different polyols basing on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results indicate that the compressibility and thermal properties (thermal gravimetric analysis, TGA) were improved significantly with adding the different polyols [poly(vinyl alcohol) – PVA, and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)- poly(ethylene glycol) – PEPEG] into GEL/CTS matrix. Specially, the as-prepared hydrogel sponges with superabsorbent behavior were also investigated with the attained water absorption capacity to 605 ?g ?g^?1 and 585 ?g ?g^?1 for GCV_1/1/0.3 and GCE_1/1/0.3 sponges, respectively, as well as the excellent water absorption capacity in a wide range of pH and salt concentration. Hence, these studies demonstrated that the hydrogel sponges are concerned as potential and promising candidates to apply especially in the fields of biomedicine and hygiene.     

Brominated diphenyl ethers from a marine bacterium associated with the spongeDysidea sp.

Summary BacteriaVibro sp. isolated from the spongeDysidea sp. were shown to biosynthesize brominated diphenyl ethers. We identified one of the bacterial brominated metabolites using gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to compare this product with standard 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol. The latter has been isolated from ethanol extracts of the spongeDysidea sp.     

Discovery of sponge body fossils from the late Meishucunian (Cambrian) at Jinsha, Guizhou, south China

Here we report discovery of a sponge body fossil Triticispongia sp. from the base of lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation at Jinsha, Guizhou. Stratigraphically, the fossil horizon is located below Ni-Mo ore layer with the Niutitang Biota above, and is equivalent to the late Meishucunian. The species is global in shape with skeletons composed of stauractins and monaxons. Triticispongia sp. reported here may be the earliest sponge body fossils of Cambrian, which provides new information for understanding early evolution and radiation of sponge animals.