福建省蜻蜓幼虫分属检索(蜻蜓目)

本文为福建省蜻蜒差翅亚目6科54属及均翅亚目11科28属提供幼虫分属检索表,附有特征详图,可供检索时参阅.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae,Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae

This paper, which presents an annotated checklist of the ‘lower Nymphalidae’ (Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae), is the fourth in a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Four genera of lower Nymphalidae (Danaus, Amauris, Bicyclus, Charaxes), with a total of 11 included species, are known or believed to occur within the main forest zone, from c. 1800 to 2800 m. Of these, only three species of Charaxes (Charaxes berkeleyi, Charaxes ansorgei, Charaxes xiphares) may be restricted locally to this primary forest. The lower slopes fauna, below 1800 m, is considerably richer, with a total of 11 genera and 41 species listed (8 species of which extend into the forest zone). Possible additional species, dubious earlier records, problems with African subspecies of Danaus chrysippus, a need for more work on certain Satyrinae, and classification of the genus Charaxes are discussed. An identification key to the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, and the 19 genera of Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae that occur in Tanzania, together with a key to the adults of all the species of these four subfamilies considered to occur or have occurred on Kilimanjaro, with 206 colour images, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

On the Equivalent Keys in Multivariate Cryptosystems

The number of equivalent keys in multivariate cryptosystem is closely related to the scheme security. This study analyzes the structure of the private key space in some multivariate schemes.The result gives the lower bounds on the number of equivalent keys of some variants of the hidden field equation (HFE) scheme including plus, minus-plus, embedding, and internal perturbation. This method estimates the number of invertible transformations which maintain the form of the central map invariant. Furthermore,a formal proof shows that the two modifications of fixing and embedding are equivalent in security analyses of multivariate schemes. Also this paper corrects previous proofs in Wolf’s work on the number of equivalent keys in HFEv,the unbalanced oil and vinegar (UOV) scheme, and the stepwise triangular systems (STS).     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae

This article marks the beginning of a short series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. It commences with a brief overview of the topography, tectonic history, climate, ecological zonation and conservation significance of Africa's highest mountain. Following an introductory account to the butterfly fauna, the rest of this paper presents an annotated checklist of the swallowtails (Papilionidae). Eight papilionid species are currently believed to occur within the main forest zone, from 1800 to 2800 m (in places this zone extends down to c.1600 m). Another 10 have been recorded from the lower slopes, which include some disturbed forest and forest relicts, from 700–1800 m. The need for better data is discussed in light of the suggestion that the butterflies of Mount Kilimanjaro could become a focal group for monitoring effects of climate change. An identification key to families, together with a key to the swallowtail species and colour illustrations of adults, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

关系模式中候选码数

本文研究了关系模式中可能出现的候选码数;候选码数与属性、函数依赖之间的关系;候选码数的极值问题.     

计算机教学中快捷键的运用和操作习惯的培养

介绍了快捷键的概念、分类及运用快捷键的重要性以及如何设置快捷键．通过快捷键的运用，快速突破提高计算机操作效率的最大瓶颈，培养学生良好的计算机操作习惯．     

键槽对称度误差的检测与评定

本文提供了生产中实用的键槽对称度误差检测方法和数据处理公式.     

插齿机半自动加工盲孔花键要点

论述了插齿机半自动加工盲孔花键的工作原理,并指出了设计要点和制造要点。     

振动环境下直升机座舱显示器周边键的工效学实验

直升机座舱显示器周边键的工效学设计对于改善直升机操控性能有重要作用,在振动环境下其工效学特性的研究是该领域研究的薄弱环节.本研究在研制的直升机座舱实验平台上,设计了振动环境下直升机座舱显示器周边键的工效学实验.通过分析实验数据发现:按键反应时受按键方位和大小影响,无振动时,按键大小为10 mm即可;主振为23 Hz,振幅为人体稍感振动时,按键大小应增加25%以上,即13 mm,按键间隔以10 mm为宜;振动造成错误率上升和反应时延长,应控制在适当范围.     

一种带有时序参数的分组密码

通过将系统时间和数据组号混合到轮密钥之中,可以有效地防止一些对分组密码算法的攻击．文中探讨了这类实用的密码算法方案的一般模式．由于变更部分轮密钥通常比若干轮变换快很多,这类方案会有明显的效率优势．在安全方面,由于加密时所有明文组几乎都各自使用了不同的轮密钥,而绝大数攻击方法需要一定数量相同密钥加密的明密文对,从而使这些攻击方法不能奏效．这也许会导致这类带有时间组号参数的分组算法在减少迭代轮情况下仍然是安全的．做为例子,给出了一个在安全和效率方面均有良好性能的密码算法TCR6．