历史时期(1797-1958)西藏雹霜虫灾述论

文章依据已整理出版的西藏《灾异志.雹霜虫灾篇》一百一十五份档案资料,从历史时期(1797—1958)西藏雹霜虫灾发生的地理分布入手进行研究。讨论范围涉及历史时期西藏雹霜虫灾与气候的关系、呈现的特征及其政府的赈灾问题等,试图从不同的角度勾勒出历史时期西藏雹霜虫灾的大致轮廓。     

浅论煤核的形成及其地质意义

根据煤核的产状与形态，分析了煤核的形成机理及形成条件，研究探讨了煤核形成的地质意义。     

In vitro mutagenicity testing of a potent,new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator

Summary Bacterial mutagenicity assay to detect potential chronic toxicity of a potent, new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator (CGA-112913 or IKI-7899, formerly UC-62644) was conducted using 5 histidine auxotrophs ofSalmonella typhimurium. Tests within the concentration range of 0.9–500 g (saturating)/plate of the compound with and without the 5–9 mammalian metabolic activation system showed no mutagenic effects clearing the way for long-term chronic toxicology studies.The authors thank Professor Bruce N. Ames for supplying the tester strains together with all the relevant information for conducting the bioassays and Ms. Norma Charlebois for her meticulous technical assistance.     

昆虫窝卵数：现象及其解释

自然界广泛存在生物体产卵成批（窝、块等）现象（如姐妹利间异同、频次分布、季节动态及年间变异）等昆虫系统发育和个体生长（如解剖学特征、个体大小、年龄（产卵顺序）等内因和环境资源（寄主植物、昆虫、温度、水分等）等外因对窝卵数（ｃｌｕｔｃｈｓｉｚｅ）均有一定影响,同一窝卵中的个体受捕食、被寄生、姐妹手足竞争、卵粒大小、个体大小、生殖力、性比等子代适合度因子也受窝卵数大小的影响,本文总结以上各现象提出一关系模型．以较为综合的“窝卵数与继续繁殖间的平衡”假说,从理论上阐述昆虫决定窝印数的机制,并讨论窝印数研究的实际意义。     

Detection of toxic metabolites in the hemolymph ofBeauveria bassiana infectedSpodoptera exigua larvae

Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis.     

化石证明生物进化作用的相对性及其原因

本文根据古生物学研究成就,在充分肯定化石在生物进化中具非常重要作用的基础上,就其证明生物进化作用的相对性及其原因,进行了理论阐述。     

湘西凤凰大马地区中、晚寒武世三叶虫

我国湘西大马-亥冲口-峨梨塘地区有大量三叶虫化石产出，它是我国南方已知含丰富化石产地之一．此地同样也是我国寒武系地层出露最完整的地区之一．特别是黔东和湘西交界处，寒武系岩石出露相当好，未变形，易辩认．部分产自亥冲口剖面的多节类三叶虫由现作者近年出版在别处，本文重点介绍几个近年新发现产自大马剖面的三叶虫．     

基于Agent的农田生态细胞自动机模型

提出一种基于Agent的细胞自动机(CA)演化模型，并采用整体建模仿真的方法，对农田虫害的演化进行了模拟．它采用自底向上的建模思想，利用Agent的局部连接规则，建立复杂系统的整体模型．针对不同环境条件设定相应的仿真参数，可以得到恰当的害虫种群演化结果，有助于农田生态管理的科学决策．同时，农田虫害的管理是预测专家系统的重要应用领域，该模型与专家系统的最终集成，可以提高专家系统的预测能力．     

韶关地区的名贵蝶类资源

2001年4月至2002年8月，分别在韶关地区的韶关市郊、始兴县车八岭国家级自然保护区、乳源瑶族自治县等地进行蝴蝶资源的抽样调查，共收集蝴蝶1768只，隶属10科62种，其中属于名贵种类的有8科36种，占的比例是58％；其中凤蝶科和蛱蝶科名贵种类最丰富．调查结果表明韶关地区有丰富的名贵蝴蝶资源．     

Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance

In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening.