Parasites of the blue shark (Prionace glauca L.), in the North-East Atlantic Ocean

A total of 159 blue sharks, ranging in length from 64 to 228 cm, was collected from the tuna drift-net fishery operating in the North-East Atlantic Ocean, and a parasite analysis conducted. The parasite assemblage consisted of three copepod species, one nematode species and four cestode species. The copepods Kroyeria lineata and Phyllothereus cornutus both occurred on the gills, while Echthrogaleus coleoptratus occurred on the skin. The third larval stage of the nematode Anisakis simplex was recorded from the lumen of both the stomach and spiral valve, but it seems likely that these specimens were a build up of parasites from consumed prey, and were not actively parasitizing the sharks. The cestodes Prosobothrium armigerum, Anthobothrium laciniatum and Platybothrium auriculatum were all recorded from the spiral valve, while Hepatoxylon trichiuri was recorded from the body cavity. All species with the exception of E. coleoptratus displayed a negative binomial distribution, although Green's Index determined that the degree of aggregation was only slight. Infection parameters varied widely among species, but the most abundant parasite was K. lineata, which was recorded from all of the sharks examined.     

“害获灭”驱除山羊内外寄生虫的试验

“害获灭”(Ivomec)对山羊内外寄生虫的驱杀试验,国内报道甚少。我们于1990年4—5月在汶川县威州乡用该药对18只山羊(试验组12只、对照组6只)的内外寄生虫进行了驱除试验。试验结果,Ivomec按0.2mg/kg一次颈部皮下注射,对线虫的驱虫率为94.0—100％(其中:毛首线虫Trichuris为94.0％、奥氏线虫T·ovina为95.4％、捻转胃虫H·contortus、羊仰口线虫B·trigonocephalum、微管结节虫O·venulosum、舒氏歧尾线虫B·schulzi均为100％),对外寄生虫——微小牛蜱B·microplus、台湾角血蜱H·cornigera、山羊腭虱L·stenopsis、山羊毛虱D·caprae的杀灭率均为100％。该药注射时出现极短暂的疼痛反应外,在整个试验期内未见任何不良现象。     

Larval anisakid nematodes from four species of squid (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea) from the central and western North Pacific Ocean

Third-stage larvae of two species of the genus Anisakis, A. simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) and A. physeteris Baylis, 1923, and those of two types of Lappetascaris sp. are described from four species of squids from the central and western North Pacific Ocean. Larvae of Lappetascaris sp. Type A were 15-33 mm long and occurred individually free in the mantle musculature of squids, whereas those of Lappetascaris sp. Type B were considerably smaller, only 3–7 mm long, and were found in capsules on the stomach wall, each capsule containing up to 50–60 larvae. It is not known whether both larval types are conspecific or belong to two different Lappetascaris species. Anisakis simplex and A. physeteris larvae were found in Onychoteuthis borealijaponica Okada and Gonatopsis borealis Sasaki, and O. borealijaponica, respectively, whereas Lappetascaris sp. Type A and Type B larvae from Thysanoteuthis rhombus Troschel, Ommastrephes bartramii (LeSueur), Onychoteuthis borealijaponica and G. borealis, and O. bartramii, respectively. The findings represent several new host records and all these parasites are reported for the first time from squids in the central North Pacific Ocean.     

伊维菌素对圈养黑山羊线虫及体外寄生虫的驱虫试验

间隔7天,用0.25mg/kg伊维菌素两次给圈养黑山羊口服进行线虫及体外寄生虫驱治试验和安全性观察,认为该药具有疗效高,驱虫谱广,生产上使用安全和药价低廉等特点,适合大面积推广应用.     

2006～2008年北京地区常用实验动物微生物和寄生虫检测结果分析

目的对2006年～2008年北京地区普通Beagle犬、大耳白兔和清洁以上大鼠(Wistar和SD品系)、小鼠(KM和ICR品系)微生物和寄生虫的抽检结果进行分析,为实验动物生产管理提供参考。方法按现行国标《实验动物微生物学检测方法》和《实验动物寄生虫学检测方法》,抽检动物所携带的微生物和寄生虫。结果普通Beagle犬的质量虽在逐渐提高,但体外寄生虫时有检出;普通大耳白兔体外寄生虫的携带较为普遍;清洁大鼠和小鼠的微生物检测结果基本合格,但有体内寄生虫的阳性样本;SPF级大鼠和小鼠的供应数量较少,尚不能充分满足科研工作的需要。建议有关实验动物生产单位加强普通动物的防疫工作,同时改进饲养管理水平,以有效避免传染病和寄生虫病的发生;加强清洁动物的净化及物料的消毒工作,以确保清洁动物的质量合格、稳定;进一步提高实验动物的净化水平并扩大SPF动物的生产规模,以充分满足科研工作的需要。     

我国猪主要寄生虫的种类、危害及防治研究进展

猪寄生虫病不仅是影响猪健康生长的主要因素,也是影响养猪场经济效益的主要因素.只有掌握猪感染不同寄生虫病的症状,才能做到早发现早治疗.做好寄生虫病的防治和检测工作,才能促进猪的健康成长,提高养猪场的经济效益.本文对我国猪主要寄生虫的种类、危害及防治加以概述,为猪寄生虫病的相关研究提供理论依据.     

Molecular diagnosis of parasites

Summary New developments in molecular biology have generated exciting possibilities for improved diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Through gene clonign and expression and peptide synthesis, defined parasite antigens can be produced in vitro for use in serodiagnosis, while nuclear hybridization techniques offer a vastly improved approach to identification of parasites in the tissue specimens of infected hosts as a means of diagnosis. Furthermore, the advent of the polymerase chain reaction technique has made it possible to increase the sensitivity of nuclear hybridization techniques, through amplification of target DNA sequences of the parasites in test material, by in situ synthesis of these sequences prior to hybridization with the diagnostic probe. Finally, through the use of monoclonal antibody technology, it is possible to design highly specific and sensitive serological assays, as well as assays for parasite antigen detection in tissue fluids and in the excreta of infected hosts, as a means of diagnosis.     

Some anisakid nematodes from marine fishes of Japan and the North Pacific Ocean

A recent collection of anisakid nematodes from marine fishes from Japan and the North Pacific Ocean comprised a total of seven species of two genera; six of them (Raphidascaroides nipponensis Yamaguti, 1941, Hysterothylacium aduncum aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), H. auctum (Rudolphi, 1802), H. cornutum (Stossich, 1904), H. marinum (Linnaeus, 1767) and H. physiculi sp. n.) parasitize fishes as adults, whereas one (Hysterothylacium sp.) occurred as larvae encapsulated in the host's abdominal cavity. Hysterothylacium physiculi sp. n. from the intestine of the gadiform fish Physiculus maximowiczi (Herzenstein) (family Moridae) from the western North Pacific (Kamaishi Bay, Honshu) is characterized mainly by shape of the lips, presence of well developed lateral alae starting some distance posterior to base of the lips, a short caecum, and markedly short (324-416mum) spicules. SEM study of R. nipponensis, type species of the genus, did not confirm the presence of dentigerous ridges on the lips. All species are briefly described and illustrated and some taxonomic problems are discussed. Several new host and geographical records are presented.     

Animal models in interferon research: Some current trends

Conclusions Concepts about interferon have changed dramatically over the years. Initially it was considered to be an antiviral protein which selectively inhibited the replication of viruses²⁴. Over the years we have discovered an increasing number of interferons and many different biological activities. Other regulatory proteins have been detected and the interferons have become part of an interacting family of biological response-modifying proteins. Because of the complexity of these systems, animal experiments are the only way to assess the clinical potential of interferons (and interferon-like molecules). It is important that the animal experiments should not be too restricted in scope, because interferon has now proved to have activity in conditions other than viral infections, for example against tumors and infections other than those caused by viruses.     

小型猪的寄生虫感染与防治

本文概述了我国家猪可感染的寄生虫的品种、感染传播方式,探讨了实验小型猪寄生虫学净化的理论基础和可行性。