中药材中孳生粉螨的初步调查

本文采用清水漂浮法和塔氏电热集螨器分离法,共分离中药材样本124种,1240份,从中分离出粉螨45种,隶属7科23属.得出结论:中药材粉螨的污染严重,应加强对中药螨类的防治,以保护中药材及预防人体螨病.     

叶螨对寄主植物关系的研究概况

叶螨类害虫已成为我国蔬菜、果树和花卉的主要害虫。本文概述了叶螨对寄主植物的选择，叶螨危害寄主植物的机制研究和寄主植物对叶螨的生理抗性等方面的研究进展，进一步了解叶螨和植物的相互关系。     

Morphology of tube-like threads related to Limnochares aquatica (L., 1758) (Acariformes: Hydrachnidia: Limnocharidae) in the laboratory

Water mites Limnochares aquatica (L., 1758) during maintenance in the laboratory for a long period of time in constant conditions periodically produced certain whitish flocculent material consisting of long rigid unbranched tube-like threads 1.3 ± 0.3 µm in diameter crossing freely. These threads were studied using light-optical as well as transmission electron microscopical and scanning electron microscopical methods. Microbiological staining was also applied to the threads to exclude their bacterial or fungal origin. The thread wall is built of fine fibrils arranged at different angles to the long axis of threads that is reflected in a certain stratification of the wall. Threads are mostly hollow or may contain electron-dense homogeneous material. No cell components are present in the thread composition. Numerous dermal glands with their small slit-like orifice scattered throughout the mite body surface are thought to produce these threads. Most probably the thread formation is a reaction of mites to stress under laboratory conditions, and this is expected to be a type of defensive reaction.     

Eustigmaeus floridensis sp. nov., a new mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from citrus in Florida

Eustigmaeus floridensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from citrus trees in Florida, USA. The new species is closely related to Eustigmaeus arcuata, Eustigmaeus segnis and Eustigmaeus microsegnis, all known to occur in Florida. Eustigmaeus floridensis sp. nov. can be distinguished by larger dimples associated with setae sce, d₂ and e₁ containing at least four or more vacuoles centrally; dorsal body setae broadly lanceolate and feather-like, except c₂, which is slender; anogenital area with striae and one pair of serrated aggenital (ag1) and three pairs of serrated pseudanal (ps_1?3) setae. A key to the Eustigmaeus species known to occur across USA is also provided.     

粉尘螨疫苗免疫治疗过敏性鼻炎小鼠鼻黏膜的电镜观察

建立了粉尘螨小鼠过敏性鼻炎模型,观察粉尘螨疫苗免疫治疗鼻黏膜超微结构的变化,探讨粉尘螨疫苗免疫治疗的疗效.将24只BALB/c小鼠随机分为阴性对照组(A组)、过敏性鼻炎模型组(B组)、粉尘螨疫苗治疗组(C组),按本室常规方法建立尘螨过敏性鼻炎小鼠动物模型,观察抓鼻、流涕、喷嚏等症状,末次激发24 h后,麻醉小鼠,眼窝取血,ELISA法检测血清中Der f特异性抗体IgE和IgG2a;取鼻黏膜组织固定,切片、电镜观察.结果表明:建模后B组、C组均出现典型的喷嚏、流涕、抓鼻症状,但粉尘螨疫苗免疫治疗组较模型组症状明显减轻,正常对照组无任何行为异常.与B组相比,C组血清中Der f特异性抗体IgE显著降低(P<0.05),而B组和C组IgG2a的含量较A组显著增高(P<0.01).电镜观察:(1)正常对照组:嗅黏膜上皮细胞,表面有大量纤毛,排列整齐;胞质内细胞器丰富.(2)过敏性鼻炎组:嗅黏膜上皮细胞肿胀,嗅细胞表面的纤毛减少或消失,细胞排列紊乱、细胞间有炎症细胞浸润,细胞器退变、空泡化,核变形不规则、固缩.(3)粉尘螨疫苗免疫治疗组:嗅黏膜纤毛排列较整齐,粗细较均匀,纤毛密度较正常对照组低,线粒体致密,与空白对照组相比数量增多.粉尘螨疫苗可以有效改善过敏性鼻炎的症状,抑制过敏性鼻炎鼻黏膜炎症变化.     

Water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from South-East Asia,Thailand and Sulawesi Tenggara (Indonesia): descriptions of new species and new records

New species of water mites collected from Sulawesi Tenggara and Thailand are described, four from Buton island: Hygrobates colesi, Mideopsis gillespiei, Koenikea oliveri, Oxus sennettopsis; one from Thailand: Hygrobates henni; and the first recorded male of Harpagopalpus indicus Cook, 1967 Cook, C. D. R, 1967. Water mites from India, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 9 (1967), pp. 1–411. [Google Scholar]. Hygrobates projectus Wiles, 1990 Wiles, P. R, 1990. "The water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) of North Sulawesi". 1990, in W. J. Knight and J. D. Holloway (eds) Insects and the Rainforests of South East Asia (Wallacea) (London: Chameleon Press), pp.?279–295. [Google Scholar] is described for the first time. Koenikea oliveri is the first recorded Koenikea species found on the Asian side of Wallacea. New records of Mamersa rouxi Walter, 1911 and Africasia cataphracta (Halik, 1930) are given.     

Water mites of the genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) from Hokkaido,northern Japan

Nine species of Hygrobates (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) from Hokkaido, Japan are described or redescribed from newly collected material and historical specimens. Treated herein are eight species in the subgenus Hygrobates, including one new species, H. bibi sp. nov., as well as H. calliger Piersig, ; H. foreli (Lebert, ); H. japonicus Uchida, ; H. longipalpis (Hermann, ); H. longiporus Thor, ; H. nigromaculatus Lebert, ; and H. sokolowi Thor, . Also treated is H. ezoensis Uchida, in the subgenus Rivobates. A lectotype and paralectotype are designated for H. japonicus Uchida, . Hygrobates (s. str.) heteropalpis Imamura, is synonymized with H. calliger Piersig, . The name H. ezoensis Uchida, is resurrected from synonymy with H. diversiporus Sokolow, . Six species previously known from Hokkaido were collected in the study: H. foreli, H. japonicus, H. longipalpis, H. longiporus, H. diversiporus, and H. ezoensis. New records for both Hokkaido and Japan include H. nigromaculatus and H. sokolowi. A species previously recorded from Hokkaido, H. taniguchii Imamura, , was not found in this study. Three new characters are proposed as useful for the taxonomy of the genus Hygrobates: the ratio of the distance between the P‐4 ventral setae to P‐4 length, the ratio of the length of the longest terminal seta on IV‐L‐5 to the length of IV‐L‐5, and the nature of the outer border of the genital plates.     

A new feather mite genus of the family Psoroptoididae (Acari: Analgoidea) from cassowaries

A new feather mite genus Hexacaudalges gen. n. (Psoroptoididae: Psoroptoidinae) is established based on the type species Megninia casuaricola Proctor, 2001 Proctor, H. C. 2001. Megninia casuaricola sp. n. (Acari: Analgidae), the first feather mite from a cassowary (Aves: Struthioniformes: Casuariidae).. Australian Journal of Entomology, 40: 335–341. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], which was originally described from the southern cassowary Casuarius casuarius (Struthioniformes: Casuariidae). Morphological peculiarities of this genus, its taxonomic position within the family Psoroptoididae and possible origin are discussed. We also present a clarification of setal nomenclature for this family of mites.     

Differentiation of external morphology of Oribatella Banks, 1895 (Acari: Oribatida: Oribatellidae), in light of the ontogeny of three species

Differentiation of external morphology of Oribatella Banks, 1895 was investigated, in light of the ontogeny of O. quadricornuta (Michael, 1880 Michael, AD. 1880. A further contribution to the knowledge of British Oribatidae. J Roy Micr Soc London, 3: 225–251. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), O. superbula (Berlese,1904 Berlese, A. 1904. Acari nuovi. Manipulus III. Redia, 2: 10–32.  [Google Scholar]) and O. calcarata (CL Koch, 1835 Koch, CL. 1835. “Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden”. In Regensburg, Germany: Verlag Friedrich Pustet 1–3.  [Google Scholar]) studied here for the first time, and that of the other species from the literature. The pattern of gastronotal setae in larvae is similar, except for lack of seta h ₃ in O. nortoni Behan-Pelletier, 2011 Behan-Pelletier, VM. 2011. Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) of eastern North America. Zootaxa, 2973: 1–56. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], while that of nymphs and adults is differentiated. The nymphs of most species have 15 pairs of gastronotal setae, but those of O. metzi Behan-Pelletier, 2011 Behan-Pelletier, VM. 2011. Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) of eastern North America. Zootaxa, 2973: 1–56. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] and most nymphs of O. calcarata have 13 pairs. The nymphs of most species carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars on apical parts of gastronotal setae da, while setae dm and dp, located under these scalps, are subjected to translocation, reduction in size or loss. In O. berlesei (Michael, 1898 Michael, AD. 1898. “Oribatidae”. In Das Tierreich, Lief. 3. Vol. 8 (Acarina). Berlin: Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn Edited by: Schulze, FE. 1–93. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), O. nortoni, O. quadricornuta and O. sexdentata Berlese, 1916 pair dp takes a more lateral position, compared with the larvae, in O. superbula and O. canadensis Behan-Pelletier and Eamer, 2010 Behan-Pelletier, VM and Eamer, B. 2010. The first sexually dimorphic species of Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) and a review of sexual dimorphism in the Brachypylina. Zootaxa, 2332: 1–20. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] it is reduced in size (in the latter species pair dm is also reduced), while O. metzi loses setae dm and dp. In contrast, the nymphs of O. calcarata do not carry the scalps, and usually lose setae c ₁ and dm. The adults of all species lose setae c ₁, c ₃ and d-series, compared with the tritonymph, and only 10 pairs of notogastral setae remain (c ₂, l-, h- and p-series), but O. quadricornuta and O. calcarata rarely retain seta c ₃ unilaterally, which indicates the order of setal loss in Oribatella according to Shaldybina (1972 Shaldybina, ES. 1972. Some morphological characters of ceratozetid moss mites (Oribatei). Ucenyje zapiski Gor Gosud Pedagog Institut, Gorki, 130: 35–66. In Russian [Google Scholar]).     

Lernanthropus antofagastensis sp. nov. (Copepoda: Lernanthropidae) parasitic on Anisotremus scapularis in Chilean waters,and new records of Lernanthropus trachure (Brian, 1903)

Lernanthropus antofagastensis sp. nov., parasitic on Anisotremus scapularis, and inshore fish of Antofagasta, Chile, is described and illustrated. It resembles five other species of Lernanthropus in its dorsal plate and third leg, but can be distinguished from them by a combination of characters. L. trachuri Brian, 1903, is recorded, its male described and illustrated from specimens collected from Seriolella violacea and Trachurus murphy, taken in the same locality.