Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitoids of Bemisia species in Taiwan (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

The whitefly genus Bemisia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is represented by five species in Taiwan, including the notorious global pest Bemisia tabaci. A catalogue of Encarsia species attacking these whiteflies, based almost entirely on previously unpublished records, is provided. A key for the identification of the 17 Encarsia species known to parasitize Bemisia species in Taiwan is provided. Three new species, E. guangxingana Shih, Ko and Polaszek sp. nov., E. lineolata Shih, Ko and Polaszek sp. nov. and E. magnalata Shih, Ko and Polaszek sp. nov., are described from Taiwan. These new species were all reared from Bemisia giffardi.     

两种烟粉虱寄生蜂感觉器的观察

扫描电镜观察桨角蚜小蜂(Eretmocerus sp.)和浅黄恩蚜小蜂(Encarsia sophia)雌成虫的感觉系统,结果如下:2种蚜小蜂的触角上具毛形感器、锥形感器、板形感器、刺形感器、坛形感器、B(o)hm氏鬃毛;复眼上具锥形感器;口器上颚每侧具3根毛状感器,下颚须与下唇须顶端各着生1根刺形感器;足具毛形感器与刺形感器,这些感觉器遍布足的各个亚节,前足具触角清洁器,后足具翅膀清洁器;产卵器上具毛形感器,感觉孔,以及倒钩状突起.     

检测丽蚜小蜂取食寄主银叶粉虱的多重聚合酶链式反应

结合Ｄ２引物和ＢＥＦ引物,优化了一个可以用来检测丽蚜小峰（Ｅｎｃａｒｓｉａ ｆｏｒｍｏｓａ Ｇａｈａｎ）取食寄主银叶粉虱（Ｂｅｍｉｓｉａ ａｒｇｅｎｔｉｆｏｌｉｉ Ｂｅｌｌｏｗｓ＆Ｐｅｒｒｉｎｇ）的重多聚合酶链式反应。特异于银叶粉虱的ＢＥＦ引物（正向５′－ＡＡＴ ＴＣＡ ＣＡＣ ＡＴＡ ＣＧＴ ＴＡＧ ＣＣＣ ＣＴ－３′和反向５′－ＴＡＡ ＣＣＧ ＡＡＣ ＣＡＴ ＣＡＡ ＣＡＧ ＡＴＴ ＡＴＴ－３     

两种烟粉虱寄生蜂的雌性生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点

 通过对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius 的两种优势寄生蜂浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia Girault & Dodd 和海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich & Rose 的生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点的研究,明确了影响两种寄生蜂不同寄主处理行为的生理机制。两种寄生蜂雌性生殖系统各包括1 对卵巢、1 对侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、产卵管和产卵鞘。浅黄恩蚜小蜂的产卵器细长笔直较锋利,海氏桨角蚜小蜂产卵器扁平且尖端向上弯曲,这与两种寄生蜂不同的产卵机制相吻合。浅黄恩蚜小蜂和海氏桨角蚜小蜂雌蜂初羽化时体内成熟卵子数量存在明显差异,但随着时间的推移和营养的补充,两种寄生蜂卵巢内成熟卵子的数量都会显著增加。两种寄生蜂均为卵育型寄生蜂。