Pherbina mediterranea: immature stages,biology, phenology and distribution (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)

The egg, three larval instars, and puparium of Pherbina mediterranea are described. The duration of the various immature stages indicates that this specis is univoltine and spends the winter as quiescent larvae. The biology, phenology and geographical distribution are presented. The main features of the larvae are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. A key to the adults of genus Pherbina is given.     

A new species of a misophrioid copepod from the near-bottom waters off Brazil

The order Misophrioida is recorded for the first time in Brazilian waters and the new species Archimisophria squamosa, with some important plesiomorphic features, is described.     

Classification,reconstructed phylogeny and geographic history of the Neotropical phorid flies of the genus Gymnophora (Diptera: Phoridae)

The Neotropical species of Gymnophora are revised to include 28 species, 17 of which are new. Two subgenera, Cerocratia (in a revised sense) and Gymnophora s.s. are recognized. Cerocratia includes Gymnophora triangularis sp. nov., G. acutangula Schmitz, G. latibrachia sp. nov., G. lacertosa sp. nov., G. chilensis Borgmeier, G. parachilensis sp. nov., G. aemula Borgmeier, G. forticornis Schmitz, and doubtfully G. colona Brues. G. adumbrata Borgmeier is considered as a junior synonym of G. aemula (syn. nov.). Within Gymnophora s.s. there are four major lineages, the G. commotria-group, the G. carina-group, the G. cymatoneura-group and the G. quartomollis-group. Of these, the G. carina-group and the G. quartomollis-group are known only from the Holarctic Region. The G. commotria-group consists of the G. forcipis-series, containing G. forcipis sp. nov., subuncata sp. nov. and uncata sp. nov., and G. damula-series, whose species are further organized into the G. strigula-subseries, containing G. strigula sp. nov. and G. unidentata sp. nov., plus the G. falciformis-subseries, containing G. alces sp. nov., damula sp. nov. and falciformis sp. nov. Also included in the G. commotria-group are eight residual species whose relationships cannot be deduced at this time. Three of these species, G. commotria Schmitz, penai sp. nov. and quadrata sp. nov. are more closely related to each other than to G. auricula sp. nov., brasiliensis Borgmeier, heteroneura Schmitz, inusitata sp. nov. and trispina sp. nov. The G. cymatoneura-group contains G. cymatoneura Enderlein and G. spiracularis Borgmeier, and the male of G. spiracularis is described for the first time. A key is given that permits identification of males of most species, but females cannot be identified with certainty. A partially sequenced classification of the genus indicates the relationships of most of the included species. The genus may have originated in the Neotropical Region, although the evidence is tenuous, and shows some similarity of distribution to Andean-centered plant groups.     

A key to Australasian and Oriental Woodiphora (Diptera: Phoridae), affinities of the genus and description of new species

The taxonomic value of the notopleural cleft in Phoridae is highlighted. A cladogram relating Gymnophora and Woodiphora to Megaselia is presented. Recognition of the genus Woodiphora is clarified, and the Old World species of Haplophleba transferred to Woodiphora. The evolution of the female abdominal sternite 9 is discussed. The tribe Megaseliini is proposed. A key to the Australasian and Oriental species of Woodiphora is provided. Twenty new species are described and two new synonyms proposed.     

The localities of Arctic Diptera (Insecta) collected by the Russian Kara Expedition of 1909

One of the most important journeys of exploration to Arctic Russia was the so-called 1909 Kara Expedition, to the polar area north of the Ural Mountains. Among the scientific papers resulting from this expedition, that on the Diptera gives only the vaguest locality data, such as ‘Kara tundra’ or ‘polar Urals’, with a date. From the separately published Russian expedition narrative, we present a table giving the day-by-day stops of the expedition, so far as possible with named localities and coordinates. As a result, localities, and especially type-localities of new species, can be precisely located for the Diptera and for other taxonomic groups.     

Termites live in a pear-shaped world: a response to Platnick

The six primarily Neotropical species groups of the genus Rachispoda are revised, comprising a total of 50 species, of which 35 are newly described. The aequipilosa group comprises nine species in the Neotropical and southeastern Nearctic regions: R. aequipilosa (Duda) comb. n., R. spuleri (Sabrosky) comb. n., and the new species R. alces, R. chisholmae, R. intonsa, R. joycei, R. laureata, R. luciana, and R. paludicola. The divergens group comprises ten Neotropical species: R. decimsetosa (Richards) comb. n., R. divergens (Duda) comb. n., R. multisetosa (Duda) comb. n., R. pluriseta (Duda) comb. n., and the new species R. condyla, R. forficula, R. luisi, R. merga, R. thaliathrix, and R. villosa. The fuscinervis group is a Neotropical and southern Nearctic group of 21 species: R. fuscinervis (Malloch) comb. n., R. schildi (Spuler) comb. n., R. striata (Duda) comb. n., R. trigonata (Spuler) comb. n., R. trochanterata (Malloch) comb n., and the new species R. aeditua, R. amarilla, R. andina, R. cesta, R. clivicola, R. colombiana, R. geneiates, R. justini, R. luminosa, R. meringoterga, R. oreadis, R. recavisterna, R. synoria, R. thermastris, R. trichopyga, and R. zygolepis. The maculinea group comprises seven Neotropical species: R. maculinea (Richards) comb. n., and the new species R. altimontana, R. baezensis, R. caesia, R. kaieteurana, R. lucaris, and R. praealta. The marginalis group contains the single Neotropical species R. marginalis (Malloch) comb. n. The m-nigrum group contains two species in the Neotropical and southeastern Nearctic regions: R. bipilosa (Duda) comb. n. and R. m-nigrum (Malloch) comb. n. Six described species are newly synonymized: Leptocera ensenada Richards (=R. divergens), L. limbinervis Duda and L. ruficornis Duda (=R. fuscinervis), L. paraguayensis Duda and L. weemsi Sabrosky (=R. m-nigrum), and L. rossi Richards (=R. multisetosa).     

Dipteran infestation of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtle nests in northern Cyprus

This paper describes dipteran infestation of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtle nests in northern Cyprus in 1996 and 1997. Insect larvae were collected from infested nests, reared to adulthood and identified to species. A minimum of 13.4% (1996) and 17.4% (1997) of loggerhead turtle nests and 3.3% and 20.7% of green turtle nests were infested in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Eleven dipteran species were found infesting turtle nests with one species (Sarcotachina aegyptiaca) being dominant. Gross estimates, utilizing the speeds of development for three species of sarcophagid showed that infestation was taking place differentially between the two turtle species. Various aspects of the effect of dipteran infestation on marine turtle nests in northern Cyprus and recommendations for future investigations are discussed.     

中国北方地区茸毛寄蝇亚属分类研究(双翅目:寄蝇科)

寄蝇属％如i舰的幼虫寄生于鳞翅目夜蛾科、毒蛾科等幼虫，成虫取食花粉，主要分布于全北、东洋及新热带动物地理区，是动植物协同进化和农林生态系统害虫生物控制的重要调节者。整理了沈阳师范大学、中国农业大学、北京林业大学和国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站昆虫标本馆藏，采自我国北方15省区市290号茸毛寄蝇亚属Servillia标本，分类鉴定出16种：蛇肛寄蝇T．（S．）anguisipennis和陈氏寄蝇T．（S．）cheni侧条寄蝇T．（S．）laterolinea为中国特有，阿穆尔寄蝇T．（S．）amurensis、火红寄蝇T．（S．）ardens、拟蜂虻寄蝇 T．（S．）bombylia、短头寄蝇T．（S．）breviceps、小寄蝇T．（S．）iota、毛肋寄蝇T．（S．）jakovlewii、艳斑寄蝇T．（S．）lateromaculata、黄寄蝇 T．（S．）luteola、什塔寄蝇T．（s．）stackelbergi、黄白寄蝇T．（S．）ursina、蜂寄蝇T．（s．）ursinoidea、济氏寄蝇T．（s．）zimini和T．（S．）sp．，增补了10个种的省级新分布地。     

A new species of Nemedina Chandler from mid-Asia (Diptera: Empidoidea) resolves the phylogenetic position of this enigmatic genus

Nemedina zaitsevi sp. nov. is described from Kazakhstan and includes the first extant male specimens of this genus. The combination of male genitalic features (e.g. long and narrow gonocoxal apodemes, shortened hypandrium), absence of female tergite 10, and absence of epipharyngeal blades strongly support the hypothesis that Nemedina Chandler and the Atelestinae are sister groups.