The detection of structural deformation errors in attitude determination

In the determination of the attitude parameters from a multi-antenna GPS array, one of the major assumptions is that the body frame is rigid at all times. If this assumption is not true then the derived attitude parameters will be in error. It is well known that in airborne platforms the wings often experience some displacement during flight, especially during periods of initializing maneouvres, such as taking off, landing,and banking. Often it is at these points in time that it is most critical to have the most precise attitude parameters.There are a number of techniques available for the detection of modeling errors.The CUSUM algorithm has successfully been implemented in the past to detect small persistent changes. In this paper the authors investigate different methods of generating the residuals, to be tested by the CUSUM algorithm, in an effort to determine which technique is best suited for the detection of structural deformation of an airborne platform. The methods investigated include monitoring the mean of the residuals generated from the difference between the known body frame coordinates, and those calculated from the derived attitude parameters. The generated residuals are then passed to a CUSUM algorithm to detect any small persistent changes. An alternative method involves transforming the generated residuals into the frequency domain through the use of the Fast Fourier Transform. The CUSUM algorithm is then used to detect any frequency changes. The final technique investigated involves transforming the generated residuals using the Haar wavelet. The wavelet coefficients are then monitored by the CUSUM algorithm in order to detect any significant change to the rigidity of the body frame.Detecting structural deformation, and quantifying the degree of deformation, during flight will ensure that these effects can be removed from the system, thus ensuring the most precise and reliable attitude parameter solutions. This paper, through a series ofsimulations, will assess the effectiveness of the above mentioned techniques for detecting structural deformation effects on a GPS multi-antenna array. These principles are then tested with experimental data.     

基于GANN的机翼盒段试验件传感器的优化配置

对机翼盒段试验件进行了结构分析,采用有限单元方法,建立了其结构的有限元模型,并进行了冲击压电响应数值仿真。构造了一种基于损伤检测的压电智能结构传感器优化配置的遗传神经网络(GANN)方法,采用该方法对机翼盒段试验件压电传感器进行了优化配置,得到了传感器对应于其初始布置模式下的最优配置,为该结构试验件的实际压电传感器的优化配置提供指导依据。仿真结果也表明,对于更多传感器的初始布置模式,采用该遗传神经网络方法可有效减少更多传感器的数量,从而降低成本。     

昆翅在飞行中的动态形变

通过理论模化途径研究昆翅在飞行中的动态形变机制.设计翅气动力试验平台,验证翅准静态形变影响气动力的"柔性楔形效应"理论解释.探讨昆翅的变刚度特性表明,弦向刚度分布规律符合二项式函数时具有优越性和现实性,进而指出昆姻结构的变刚度特性是产生高升力的基本条件.建立了柔性翅的简化力学模型,通过坐标变换法求解在气动力和惯性力共同...     

斜置飞翼翼型气动性能的研究

斜置飞翼是一种具有亚音速和超声速巡航能力的可变后掠角飞机。本文根据斜置飞翼的飞行特点和气动特性,选用了相对弯度、相对厚度等参数不同的两种翼型。通过数值模拟分析,对比两种翼型在不同迎角和雷诺数下的空气动力性能,结果表明翼型2的气动性能优于翼型1。     

拖网网袖力学的初步研究

本文侧重对拖网网袖的力学性能进行理论分析和实验研究，揭示出网袖网衣对整顶拖网力学性能的影响，以供拖网设计者作理论参考。作者认为，增大网袖网目、减少网袖网衣用量或采用无袖结构，均能明显地降低整顶拖网的水阻力。适当缩短网袖长度可有效地提高网口垂直扩张高度。在外海及远洋作业中，若按实验结果改进网袖设计，以推进网具大型化实现轻网快拖捕捞中上层快速游泳鱼类。     

The effect of scale changes on repetitive patterns: Influence of 6-aminonicotinamide on feather germ number

There are many examples of patterned developing systems which are size invariant: if the total size of the system is reduced, then the pattern responds by changing its scale in such a way that the number of pattern elements remains constant. This phenomenon is one of the bases which underaly the formulation of the concept of positional information, one of the great unifying ideas in developmental biology. However, there are less common examples of patterns which are size dependent. In these, alterations of overall size lead to a reduction in pattern elements. Such size-dependent patterns are therefore of theoretical interest. Here we describe how the number of feather germs along the wing bud of the developing chick embryo responds to shortening of the limb, and consider the implications of these observations.     

振荡水翼波能回收在船舶节能推进中的应用

在船舶能效设计指数（EEDI）成为国际公约,造船界大力发展绿色船舶技术的背景下,提出了在船体两侧用螺旋弹簧连接振荡水翼,借助船体和水翼在波浪中的摇荡运动回收波浪能产生推力的节能设想.基于势流理论建立了顶浪情况下振荡水翼与船体的频域耦合水动力模型,以一艘集装箱船为例,对水翼 船体系统进行了理论分析和设计探讨,预报了振荡水翼所能产生的推力并分析了水翼对船舶耐波性的影响;利用模型研究了水翼位置、弹簧刚度、浸没深度等参数对波能回收效果的影响.结果表明：水翼位置对船舶的耐波性有较大影响;弹簧刚度则与水翼产生的推力密切相关;而水翼浸没深度的影响十分有限.本研究可为此类绿色船舶设计提供依据和参考.     

折叠翼飞行器机翼折叠过程的颤振仿真分析

折叠翼是一种很有前景的变体飞行器设计方案.在折叠过程中,相当于飞机具有多个不同的机翼构型,所以其颤振特性将会发生剧烈的变化.为了提高求解效率,提出用准静态方法代替实时模拟方法来模拟折叠过程,并对折叠翼飞机进行了颤振特性的变参分析.得出了以下两个结论:1)当折叠角进入变体折叠的中间阶段时,机翼的颤振速压降低较大.2)折叠作动器的刚度会明显影响机翼的颤振速压.     

轻型无人机翼面元件尺寸设计与选材研究

无人机采用薄蒙皮梁式结构具有较高的结构效率,抗弯材料集中在翼梁缘条上,受压缘条的失稳临界应力接近于材料的极限应力.轻型小翼展无人机机翼设计时可采用多种材料:轻木、金属和复合材料.不同构型的设计特点各不相同,各种材料的适用的部件亦有差别.通过计算四种材料在同种机翼参数下的翼面各构型元件质量和全机翼结构质量,对比总结出轻型无人机各元件较为合理的材料选择.     

垂尾跨声速弹性载荷研究

研究了战斗机垂尾在跨声速范围的非线性气动弹性行为和弹性载荷特性。针对飞机垂尾,计算了飞机垂尾的颤振边界,通过CFD／CSD耦合时域内推进结构运动方程,得到弹性结构的响应历程,并记录每一时刻的气动载荷和结构惯性载荷,将气动载荷信息转换到CSD的结点上,加载到结构模型上进行瞬态响应分析,得到结构的动应力响应,计算给出了0°侧滑角时不同马赫数下的颤振边界和Ma=0.9、侧滑角2°和10°时的非定常气动载荷与非定常惯性载荷和弹性载荷的时域响应,分析了惯性载荷、气动载荷和弹性载荷对颤振的影响以及方向舵对垂尾颤振的影响。