地理国情普查地表覆盖内业解译的质量问题研究

地表覆盖内业解译是地理国情普查的一道重要工序。地理国情地表覆盖内业解译现存图斑平面位置精度不足、分类错误多种多样等普遍问题,问题突出典型。文中针对这些问题图文并茂、清晰明了的进行了说明,并从多方面分析问题产生的原因,提出加强对技术指标和采集原则的学习和理解,加强内业与外业的结合,充分发挥解译样本的作用等建议,以有效提高内业解译的质量。     

福建戴云山自然保护区植被景观斑块特征分析

利用戴云山自然保护区的植被分布图和地形图等,在GIS软件支持下提取植被景观斑块信息,从植被景观组分斑块特征的角度对戴云山自然保护区的植被景观格局及破碎化进行分析.研究结果表明,在戴云山自然保护区中,温性针叶林、常绿阔叶林、暖性针叶林景观是该区的3个主要景观类型;景观组分的面积、周长、斑块数的分布不均衡;各景观组分面积与周长的分布相似,而斑块数的分布却没有明显的规律性.植被景观斑块总体特征分析表明,农地景观的破碎化程度高,而温性针叶林、常绿阔叶林与暖性针叶林景观的破碎化程度低.     

Time‐simultaneous prediction band for a time series

I propose principles and methods for the construction of a time‐simultaneous prediction band for a univariate time series. The methods are entirely based on a learning sample of time trajectories, and make no parametric assumption about its distribution. Hence, the methods are general and widely applicable. The expected coverage probability of a band can be estimated by a bootstrap procedure. The estimate is likely to be less than the nominal level. Expected lack of coverage can be compensated for by increasing the coverage in the learning sample. Applications to simulated and empirical data illustrate the methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

星载激光雷达GEDI数据林下地形反演性能验证

【目的】新一代天基测高系统全球生态系统动力学调查(GEDI)对森林观测及经营具有重要意义,为探究GEDI V2(GEDI第2版)数据反演林下地形的性能,利用机载雷达数据验证林下地形反演精度,并探究反演精度的影响因素。【方法】分别以美国西波拉森林与中国帽儿山森林为研究对象,利用G-liht及帽儿山高精度机载雷达数据验证GEDI V2数据在针叶林及针阔叶混交林下反演地形的性能,并分析不同光束强度、光斑时间、坡度及植被覆盖度对地形反演精度的影响。【结果】美国西波拉针叶林地区地形反演精度均方根误差(RMSE)为2.33 m,平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.48 m;帽儿山针阔叶混交林地区地形反演精度RMSE为4.49 m, MAE为3.33 m。随着坡度、植被覆盖度增大,两种森林类型地形反演精度均降低。【结论】GEDI V2数据反演针叶林林下地形精度要优于针阔叶混交林,强光束优于覆盖光束,湿润地区白天效果更优,干旱地区黑夜效果更优;平缓地区数据使用效果极好,陡峭地区精度降低;中低植被覆盖度区域地形反演精度较高,高植被覆盖区域地形测定性能有所下降。     

大兴安岭草地的研究——Ⅰ 山地草原化植被

本文首次对发育于大兴安岭干旱阳坡上的草地植被进行了比较全面的分析,并依据该类型植被的特点将其命名为山地草原化植被,作为植被型处理.     

秦安大地湾高分辨率全新世植被演变与气候变迁初步研究

主要根据孢粉分析结果,并结合磁化率,碳酸钙恢复了陇西黄土高原地区全新世期间植被气候的变化过程。结果表明全新世气候存在３个大的阶段,全新世早期气候以寒冷为主要特点,中全新世气候温暖湿润,晚全新世气候以干旱为主要特征。     

江汉平原洪涝灾害遥感监测方法

用遥感数据及常规气水文数据获取涝灾信息,用ＤＥＭ（数字高程模型）或微等高距地形图及其导出的高程－面积－容积模型作涝灾淹没损失估算的基本技术手段,用植被指数作主要方法对江汉平原“１９９１．０７”暴雨涝灾作了灾情评价及减产估算。     

一种高效覆盖的节点放置算法

提出了一种新的高效覆盖的节点放置方法．该算法的目的是使传感器的数目最优化，并确定能支持分布式传感器网络的传感器的配置，其基本思路是剔除局部冗余，提升整体性能．最后通过仿真与已有的算法进行比较，展示了其性能的优越性．     

渝西学院后山山林植被物种多样性研究

本选取渝西学院校园后山(黄瓜山)山林植被中6种主要森林类型的19个样方，通过比较这些类型的物种丰富度和Shannon指数，揭示了这些类型物种多样性的差异．结果显示：1)各森林类型乔木层、草本层物种丰富度低，灌木层物种丰富度较高；2)各森林类型的Shannon指数同物种丰富度具有不同的表现规律；3)常绿针阔混交林与落叶阔叶林具有特殊的物种多样性垂直结构特征；4)物种恒有度分析表明，星湖校区山林植被为人工林，景观简单，连续性强，存在明显的环境梯度．     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.