Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

微生物对沉积物汞释放影响的实验研究

受污染沉积物汞的释放已成为湖泊水体汞的重要污染源之一.通过沉积物原状柱的室内培育实验,对微生物、氧化还原电位对沉积物汞释放的影响进行了研究.实验表明氧化还原条件和微生物都是沉积物汞释放的重要因素,厌氧条件初期以及微生物的活动都能促进汞的释放.     

长江水下三角洲沉积特征与发展趋势

长江水下三角洲是一个以径、潮流相互作用为主的沉积体。野外调查、分析资料证明,在三角洲前缘,沉积物由灰、黄色细、粉沙组成,分选较好。构造见波痕交错层理等,另夹似丘状交错层理风暴沉积层。由于受径流影响,有孔虫、超微属种、个数稀少,随着离河口距离增加,水体加深,前三角洲中沉积物颗粒变细,以粉沙质泥占优,分选变差。有机炭含量较高,潜穴发育。水平、波状层理中,经常出现风暴浊积层。有孔虫属种增至30种,个数几千枚。超微含量以大洋桥石为主,>50％。前三角洲向海,颗粒变为泥质沙,分选差。波痕交错层理。有孔虫属种多于40种,个数上万枚。它反映了三角洲一陆架过渡的浅海沉积环境特点。由于科氏力、径、潮流及苏北沿岸流的作用,长江水下三角洲沉积主体目前正逐步偏向东南,这导致北部不断受改造、废弃。     

细粒泥沙颗粒分析中的反絮凝技术

本文分析了导致细粒泥沙水中絮凝的因素,探讨了絮凝和分散的机理,给出了一个反絮凝的物理模型.在大量科学实验基础上,文章提出了一整套包括化学分散和物理分散方法的反絮凝技术,补充和纠正了现行细粒泥沙颗分方法的不足.本文的反絮凝技术已为许多工程部门完成了总数以万计的沙样颗分,其有效性经受了充分考验.     

长江水下三角洲沉积特征与发展趋势

长江水下三角洲是一个以径、潮流相互作用为主的沉积体。野外调查、分析资料证明,在三角洲前缘,沉积物由灰、黄色细、粉沙组成,分选较好。构造见波痕交错层理等,另夹似丘状交错层理风暴沉积层。由于受径流影响,有孔虫、超微属种、个数稀少,随着离河口距离增加,水体加深,前三角洲中沉积物颗粒变细,以粉沙质泥占优,分选变差。有机炭含量较高,潜穴发育。水平、波状层理中,经常出现风暴浊积层。有孔虫属种增至30种,个数几千枚。超微含量以大洋桥石为主,>50％。前三角洲向海,颗粒变为泥质沙,分选差。波痕交错层理。有孔虫属种多于40种,个数上万枚。它反映了三角洲一陆架过渡的浅海沉积环境特点。由于科氏力、径、潮流及苏北沿岸流的作用,长江水下三角洲沉积主体目前正逐步偏向东南,这导致北部不断受改造、废弃。     

考洲洋表层沉积物的重金属含量及其污染分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了南海东北部考洲洋表层沉积物中重金属的含量，各测站镉和铅含量超标率分别达到91.7%和50%，铜、锌含量未见超标，镍含量较低，比较和回归分析表明，考洲洋表层沉积物重金属含量在广东沿海居中等水平，并表现出同源相关关系，元素相关图显示，考洲洋表层沉积物尚未受人为来源镉和铅的影响。     

Indicators of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated sediments

The analyses of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated sediments from two cores on Hydrate Ridge in Cascadia convergent margin offshore Oregon, eastern North Pacific show the values of d 13C from -29.81‰ to -48.28‰ (PDB) and d 18O from 2.56‰ to 4.28‰ (PDB), which could be plotted into a group called typical carbonate minerals influenced by the methane in cold venting. Moreover, the values of d 13C and d 18O show a consistent trend in both cores from top to bottom with increasing of d 13C and decreasing of d 18O. This trend could be explained as an effect caused by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in depth and the oxygen fraction during the formation of gas hydrate in depth together. These characteristics of d 13C and d 18O indicate that the gas hydrate-associated sediments are significantly different from the normal marine carbonates, and they are deeply influenced by the formation and evolution of gas hydrate. So, the distinct characteristics of d 13C and d 18O of gas hydrate-associated sediments could be undoubtedly believed as one of parameters to determine the presence of gas hydrates in other unknown marine sediment cores.     

Persistent organic pollutants PCNs and PBDEs in sediments from coastal waters of Qingdao,Shandong Peninsula

Thirty-one congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and 21 congeners of polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs)in surface sediments at 5 stations and one mussel sample from Qingdao coastal waters were analyzed. The maximum contents occur at the station near the Haibo River mouth. The total PCNs contents are in the range of 212-1209 pg/g dw, dominated by tri-Cl CN. The total PBDEs contents are in the range of 117-5510 pg/g dw,dominated by tri- to hexa-BrBDEs. The local sources of PCNs are likely from combustion processes such as incinerations and coal burnings. The sources of PBDEs are molecular diffusion from the materials containing them. Except for the area near the river mouth where is affected by the sewage sludges, an important source of PCNs and PBDEs in this area is believed to be the atmospheric deposition. Mussels enrich PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total TEQs of PCNs in mussels are lower than the total TEQs of PCBs.     

过去1 300年南海东岛生态环境对气候变化的响应

东岛牛塘为目前在西沙群岛少见的淡水型湖泊,其中保存完好的粪土沉积物记录了距今1 300年来东岛生态环境演化历史.对DY4粪土沉积柱的研究结果表明,在1 400 AD前,东岛海鸟数量较多,牛塘湖岸周围植被生长较为繁盛,而在1 400~1 850 AD期间,东岛海鸟数量和植被生长都处于低谷.通过综合对比研究区、中国乃至北半球降雨量、温度变化记录,发现1 400 AD前岛屿生物量较高的时期对应于暖干的中世纪温暖期,而低生物量时期与凉湿的小冰期一致,证明南海热带孤立岛屿生态系统对区域乃至全球气候环境变化响应非常灵敏.     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.