Regulation of mouse trophoblast giant cell nucleus development in hatched mouse blastocysts by cyclic cytidine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cCMP)

Summary The dibutyryl analog of cCMP enlarged the nuclei of trophoblast gian cells and promoted blastocyst development. The result suggests that cCMP has a trophic effect on embryonic development, specifically by altering the size of the trophoblast cell nucleus but does not enhance trophoblast cell proliferation processes.     

米非司酮对JAR细胞凋亡的诱导作用

米非司酮是一类抗孕激素和抗糖皮质激素药物,在临床被广泛用于早孕的终止．发现米非司酮能抑制人滋养层瘤细胞（ＪＡＲ）的生长．药物处理使细胞形态出现典型的凋亡特征．被处理细胞的ＤＮＡ经琼脂糖电泳呈凋亡细胞特有的云梯状条带．原位凋亡检测也证实了凋亡细胞的存在．临床样品分析证明,米非司酮药物流产的人绒毛组织也发生了明显的细胞凋亡．说明米非司酮诱导流产的机制除了对子宫蜕膜的作用外,还可能与诱导滋养层细胞凋亡有关     

纤维粘连蛋白在人滋养上皮的不同定位与功能

从正常人不同发育时期,不明原因流产,增殖型和侵蚀型葡萄胎滋养细胞角度,用免疫组织化学方法观察纤维粘连蛋白（FN）的显微定位,比较研究其不同定位与滋养上皮增殖,生长，分化,凋亡，迁移和浸润的关系。结果显示 正常人不同发育时期,FN在早孕合体滋养细胞基底膜和绒毛外滋养细胞膜呈阳性着色,在中期非合体结处的滋养细胞质呈免疫反应阳性,在足月滋养细胞呈阴性着色; 不明原因流产,FN在合体滋养细胞核内呈阳性着色; FN在增殖型葡萄胎滋养细胞膜和绒毛外滋养细胞质呈强阳性着色;FN在侵蚀型葡萄胎滋养细胞质呈阳性着色。提示FN胞质定位与滋养上皮迁移和侵蚀密切相关,FN基底膜定位与滋养细胞分化密切相关,FN胞膜定位与滋养细胞增殖相关,FN的阴性着色与滋养细胞衰老,FN胞核转位与滋养细胞凋亡可能相关。     

The expression and function of VEGF at embryo implantation “window” in the mouse

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen that plays a critical role in angiogenesis. Recent reports indicated that VEGF was closely involved in embryo implantation and embryonic vasculogenesis. However, very little information is available about the detailed expression and function of VEGF at implantation “window”. In this work, VEGFs were primarily present on uterine epithelial cell monolayer and blastocysts including the outgrew trophoblasts at implantation window. VEGF antibodies decreased the number of mice embryos implanted and the percentage of blastocysts with attachment and outgrowth in a co-culture model in a dose-dependant manner. These findings demonstrate that VEGF is one of the essential cytokines for embryo implanta-tion in mouse. VEGF may act as a local mediator to regulate the maternal-fetal interaction, and facilitate blastocyst implantation.     

Localization and possible role of membrane type metallo-proteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 in early stages of placentation

Human placental tissues from the first and second trimesters of gestation have been investigated using riboprobein situ hybridisation of mRNA sequences coding for membrane type metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Results show that (i) both mRNAs express at a relatively high level in the chorion laeve trophoblast cells and the adjacent decidual cells of fetal membrane; (ii) the most abundant expression of the two mRNAs was found in the extravillous trophoblast between Rohrs and Nitabuch striae of basal plate, trophoblast shell and gland cells of the decidua; (iii) isolated or small groups of cytotrophoblast cells in the chorionic villi and in the cells lining arterioles in decidua and stem villi also expressed both MT-1-MMP and TIMP-1 at defferent extents. The data suggest that the coordinated expression of the MT-MMP and its inhibitor TIMP in defferent cells of the placental tissue may play an essential role in trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis related to placentation in the first two trimesters of gestation. They may also have an ability to effect separation of fetal from material tissue at a favorable junctional site during parturition.     

小鼠早期胚胎内细胞团分化潜能的研究

用免疫手术去除小鼠早期胚胎的外层细胞或滋养层细胞后，其内细胞闭经２４ｈ体外培养后能够重新形成滋养层，从晚期桑椹胚，早期胚泡和晚期胚泡分离的ＩＣＭ的洋养层分化率分别为７０．３％、６９．３％和１１．１％。晚期胚泡ＩＣＭ的洋养层分化率明显低于早低于早期胚泡和桑甚胚的滋养层分化率，实验结果表明小鼠早期胚泡的ＩＣＭ仍角具有较强的分化为洋养层的能力，但晚期胚泡的ＩＣＭ分化为滋养层的能力明显减弱。从而推断晚期胚     

Matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs） and trophoblast invasion

MMPs and their natural tissue inhibitors TIMPs are crucial in coordinated breakdown and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in physiological and pathological situations. Placentation is a key event of pregnancy in which MMPs/TIMPs system plays important roles in regulating the extravillus cytotrophoblast (EVTs) invasion. This paper focuses on expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms of MMPs/TIMPs family members during the process of placentation. Their implications in curing pregnancy-related diseases are also discussed.     

Detection of HLA-E and -G DNA alleles for population and disease studies

HLA-E and -G genes show a restricted polymorphism encoding for molecules whose variability is limited at the peptide binding site. Fourteen alleles that give rise to only three productive proteins for HLA-G (*0101, *0103 and *0104) and five alleles with three different proteins for HLA-E (*0101, *0102 and *0103) have been described. Expression of these molecules is low and found in many tissues for HLA-E; HLA-G protein is expressed in extravillous trophoblast cells and thymic epithelium. Molecular studies have shown how HLA-G and HLA-E bind to natural killer (NK) cells immunoglobulin and lectin-type inhibitory receptors. HLA-E may act as a sentinel of the cell; if classical class I and HLA-G are being expressed, HLA-E molecules may reach the cell surface and inhibit the lysis by NK cells. Most findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-E and -G proteins may be tolerogenic molecules at either the T-cell receptor (TcR) (inflammation, graft rejection) or NK level, switching off cells which usually attack foreign (including foetus) or self (autoimmune) antigens. A low HLA-E and -G polymorphism is observed in humans, and their allele frequencies are mostly homogeneous in the populations tested so far. Many studies to detect these alleles are now being performed in isolated populations and also in pregnancy-associated pathologies. In the present paper, standard and detailed techniques to detect HLA-E and -G DNA polymorphism are reported and discussed. Received 14 July 1999; received after revision 25 August 1999; accepted 25 August 1999     

Regulation of activin A in cell proliferation and hormone secretion by human normal trophoblast cells

Regulation of activin A in cell proliferation as well as hCG and progesterone secretion was investigated using primary cultured cytotrophoblast cells and normal placenta origin cytotrophoblast cell line-NPC cells in serum-free system. It was shown that activin A promoted hCG and progesterone secretion in primary cultured cytotrophoblast cells as well as progesterone secretion in NPC cells, while it had no effect on cell proliferation and hCG secretion in NPC cells. Important evidence is provided for the autocrine regulatory mechanism of activin A on hormone secretion in placental trophoblast cells at early pregnancy.