Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

超短脉冲激光对溴甲烷的光解机理研究

文章通过共振增强多光子电离飞行时间质谱和质量选择光电离激发谱,对溴甲烷分子的光电离和光解离通道进行了研究,并对部分碎片离子H+、CHm+(m=0～3)、iBr+(i=79,81)和CHmiBr+(m=2;i=79,81)的分质量激发谱进行了归属和标识;对CH3+的共振峰进行了确认;最后分析并给出了在279～287nm紫外光波段内,溴甲烷分子以母体分子的解离通道为主的解离通道。     

Sequencing of phosphopeptides sulfonated by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate using post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is probably the most common and important reversible post-translational modification of proteins. Analyzing the functional effects of phosphorylation is helpful for understanding the biological functions of proteins. Identification of the phosphorylation sites of phosphorylated protein is a prerequisite for research on phosphorylation. In this work, an effective and simple method of identification of protein phosphorylation sites has been developed. Phosphopeptides were selectively enriched with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and subsequently chemically modified by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate, and then the chemically modified phosphopeptides were sequenced with post-source decay (PSD) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry for detecting phosphorylation sites. The charge of derivatization by 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate introduces a negative sulfonic acid group at the N-terminus of a peptide, and enables the selective detection of only a single series of C-terminal y-type ions. This chemically assisted method greatly simplifies the extremely complex pattern of PSD fragment ions and makes the PSD spectra more easier to be interpreted. The phosphorylation sites of a synthesized model phosphopeptide and human c-myc protein have been successfully identified by this method.     

脉冲CO_2激光气相合成大尺寸硅团簇的研究

利用脉冲ＣＯ＿２激光气相合成了大尺寸的硅团簇ｓｉｎ（ｎ～１０３）,并对其生长机理进行了初步研究。大尺寸硅团簇Ｓｉｎ（ｎ～６４０）的飞行时间质谱可用对数正态分布函数很好地拟合,分析表明其结构由小尺寸硅团簇丰富多样趋向于简单化。     

Identification of petroleum aromatic fraction by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is com-mercially available in the 1990s, with the characteristics of large peak capacity, high resolution, high sensitivity, etc. However, its application to the petroleum and geological analyses is just emerging in China and overseas. In this research, the analytical method for petroleum aromatic fraction using GC×GC-TOFMS is set up, via the choice of the column system and optimization of setting parameters, such as temperature programming, modulation time, hot pulse time, flow rate of carrier gas, data acquisition rate and data processing. The results indicate that different polar compounds of aromatic fraction distribute as bands on structured GC×GC chromatogram. Within each band, homologous compounds appear as a roof-tile structure based on the number of substituent residues. The aromatic compounds are identified and characterized according to the GC×GC chromatogram and mass spectra. According to the polarity and the number of rings, aromatic compounds are spatially present on one chromatogram, which directly reflects the distribution characteristics of complex compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, quantitative analysis is favored as some overlapped peaks on traditional GC-MS chromatogram have been separated completely on GC×GC. Some heterocyclic atom aromatic compounds at trace level can be clearly identified using this method, for polarity differences from other interfered aromatic compounds. The development of this method and chromatogram recognition offer petroleum geologists a practical example for the application performance of GC×GC-TOFMS.     

细栅型光电倍增管增益的批量测量方法

新型细栅型(fine-mesh)光电倍增管R5924将应用于升级后的北京谱仪(BESⅢ)飞行时间(TOF)探测器.详细介绍了R5924光电倍增管增益的批量测量方法和测量装置.给出了利用发光二极管为光源对光电倍增管R5924的绝对增益进行批量测试的结果.     

Tannins from Canarium album with potent antioxidant activity

The contents of total phenolics and extractable condensed tannins in the leaves, twigs and stem bark of Canarium album were determined. The structural heterogeneity of condensed tannins from stem bark was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） analyses The results show the predominance of signals representative of procyanidins and prodelphinidins. In addition, epicatechin and epigallocatechin polymers with galloylated procyanidin or prodelphinidin were also observed. The tannins were screened for their potential antioxidant activities using l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） model systems. Tannins extracted from leaves, twigs and stem bark all showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power.     

Implementation of spatial touch system using time-of-flight camera

Recently developed timeofflight principle based depthsensing video camera technologies provide precise perpixel range data in addition to color video. Such cameras will find application in robotics and visionbased human computer interaction scenarios such as games and gesture input systems. Timeofflight principle range cameras are becoming more and more available. They promise to make the 3D reconstruction of scenes easier, avoiding the practical issues resulting from 3D imaging techniques based on triangulation or disparity estimation. A spatial touch system was presented which uses a depthsensing camera to touch spatial objects and details on its implementation, and how this technology will enable new spatial interactions was speculated.     

14.7MeV中子在Al核上的小角弹性散射微分截面

小角区实验测量难度较大,技术要求高,因此,小角数据多半是根据中间角区数据理论外推所得.但有些实验数据与理论计算不符.金属铝及其合金具有较低的热中子吸收截面,有较好的抗腐蚀性能和加工性能,价格低廉,在反应堆中得到广泛应用.我们应用快中子位置灵敏谱仪,测量了14.7MeV中子在铝核上的小角散射截面.所得数据,用蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)方法进行中子通量衰减、多次散射修正,与国外发表数据相比较,符合较好.     

Detection of sialylated N-Linked glycans by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Native and methyl-esterified sialylated glycans were analyzed with 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone（THAP）and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid（DHB）as matrix by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer（MALDI-TOF MS）.High quality negative-ion spectra of commercial sialylated glycan were obtained with THAP as matrix.Detection limit of the glycan was less than 0.1 pmol.After methyl esterification of sialic acid（SA）residue,sialylated glycans were detected sensitively in the positive-ion mode using DHB as matrix.Neutral and sialylated glycans from the mixture of asialofetuin and fetuin were methylesterified and simultaneously recognized in one manipulation.Methyl esterification of SA residue offers a convenient and sensitive way to identify the structure of N-linked glycans for glycan profiling.