Thermal Deformation Measurement and Stress Analysis of PQFP Assembly during Power Cycling

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集体消耗公共资源的谋利行为的3种均衡及成员数量对效率的影响

在建立弱再生的资源的再生速度模型和谋利行为对资源的消耗模型的基础上,推导出在谋利行为下的弱再生的公共资源的均衡曲线与均衡模型;利用此模型分析了个人非理性、个人理性及集体理性时的不同均衡点,分析了这些均衡点之间的关系,并且提出引入惩罚函数来实现在集体最优均衡点,从而实现了有利于社会的行为控制.最后讨论了具有公共资源的集体中的成员数量对谋利行为收益的影响,主要得出3点重要结论:[1]在个体数量充分多的情况下,如果没有管理者进行控制,一般都会发展成过度谋利行为,从而对资源造成巨大的危害.[2]税收等惩罚函数的意义,不仅仅是养活政府和社会财富进行再分配,更在于能够对过度谋利行为具有抑制作用.[3]在不影响资源的功能的前提下,应当对公共资源尽可能细小的分割,使占有公共资源的集体尽可能的小.这样可以使保护资源管理成本达到最低,从而使人们的谋利行为的长远效益最大.     

A Multistep Finite Volume Method with Penalty for Thermal Convection Problems in Two or Three Dimensions

The author considers a thermal convection problem with infinite Prandtl number in two or three dimensions. The mathematical model of such problem is described as an initial boundary value problem made up of three partial differential equations. One equation of the convection-dominated diffusion type for the temperature, and another two of the Stokes type for the normalized velocity and pressure. The approximate solution is obtained by a penalty finite volume method for the Stokes equation and a multistep upwind finite volume method for the convection-diffusion equation. Under suitable smoothness of the exact solution, error estimates in some discrete norms are derived.     

The Design of Behavior Management Institution Based on Special Symbols and Measure Optimizing-Taking the Design of the Institution of Controlling the Pollution Behavior of Enterprises as an Example

Taking the institution design of controlling the pollution behavior of enterprises as an example, the symbol system specialized for the design and analysis of behavior management institution is put forward, which predigests the institution design greatly and make the process of institution design much like the engineering design. The measure combination method for improving the parameters of the institution, the arithmetic for calculating the validity of the institution and the arithmetic for calculating the behavior probability of the irrational managed are also put forward, which make the design and analysis technology of behavior management institution more practical.     

基于π演算的自治系统架构描述语言AS-ADL

自治系统(Autonomous Systems)具有复杂的动态结构和行为特性,其典型代表就是各类军事作战系统.针对当前各种自治系统架构描述方法存在的局限,建立了自治系统架构的概余模型框架,并提出了一种描述该模型框架的形式化架构描述语言AS-ADL.AS-ADL以高阶多型π演算作为系统行为语义基础,具有丰富的数据类型,可以形式化描述自治系统的动态行为,且具有描述自治元素内部的交互行为的能力,为建立可执行的系统架构模型奠定了基础,并为系统模型求精和模型有效性验证提供支持.     

某速射火炮身管系统传热特性的数值仿真研究

热烧蚀磨损是决定速射火炮身管寿命的关键因素。以某采用外液冷方式的速射火炮身管为研究对象,建立了包括身管、冷却液和水套的流固耦合传热模型,使用有限元方法进行研究。研究表明:(1)速射火炮的射频是决定身管内膛尖峰温度的极为重要的因素。(2)对于速射火炮,外液冷方式可以有效降低身管外壁的温度,但对于身管内膛温度的降低和寿命的提高作用有限。合理选择流速可以达到冷却效率与动力的最佳匹配。     

Structural and dynamical features contributing to thermostability in α-amylases

In recent years an increasing number of studies on thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins aiming to elucidate determinants of protein thermostability have yielded valuable insights about the relevant mechanisms. In particular, comparison of homologous enzymes with different thermostabilities (isolated from psychrophilic, mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organsims) offers a unique opportunity to determine the strategies of thermal adaptation. In this respect, the medium-sized amylolytic enzyme α-amylase is a well-established representative. Various studies on α-amylases with very different thermostabilities (melting temperature T_m = 40–110°C) report structural and dynamical features as well as thermodynamical properties which are supposed to play key roles in thermal adaptation. Here, results from selected homologous α-amylases are presented and discussed with respect to some new and recently proposed strategies to achieve thermostability.Received 28 February 2005; received after revision 29 April 2005; accepted 19 May 2005     

用于余热回收的三压力氨水动力循环的热力性能

为了提高低温余热动力回收系统的吸收驱动力和增强蒸发器抗低温腐蚀的能力,提出了三压力氨水吸收式动力循环(3p-AWPC).在卡列纳循环的基础上,添加了一个预热器,以分离器出口的稀溶液加热来自高压氨泵的工作溶液.采用Schulz方程、质量与能量守恒定律,对循环倍率、工作成分、基本成分、热源温度和冷源温度进行优化分析,研究工作浓度与基本浓度最佳配对关系.给出了在热源温度为200℃及冷却水温度为25℃条件下,3p-AWPC方案的热力性能优化算例.结果表明,动力回收效率为9.62％,比相同冷热源进口参数条件下水蒸气朗肯循环(SRC)的动力回收效率约增加16.5％.     

浅议城市住宅建筑设计

本文对城市住宅建筑设计进行了理性化的分解与剖析,包括：居住行为模式和生活方式界定居住空间,城市住宅套型模式及设计,人体工学在住宅套型设计中的应用,城市住宅对声、光、热环境的要求,城市住宅的室外环境与内部环境的创造等。     

金属薄片的粗糙表面对热传导的影响

在半经典输运理论基础上研究了垂直于金属薄样品的热传导的性质,并重点分析了热传导的样品尺寸效应和粗糙表面对热阻率的影响。