异翅独尾草的核型分析

对异翅独尾草(Eremurus anisopterus (Kar.et Kir)Regel)体细胞染色体计数，并对其核型进行分析。结果表明：异翅独尾草的染色体数目为2n=28；为四倍体植物，其核型公式为2n=4x=4m 16st 8t；核型类型为3B。     

阳桃四倍体植株诱导试验

利用秋水仙素对阳桃茎尖进行四倍体植株诱导．结果表明，浸泡法处理的效果最好，诱导频率最高可达29．6％，而混培法和点滴法较差．浸泡法以质量分数为0．002的秋水仙素处理25h为最适宜，混培法以质量分数为0．002的秋水仙素处理20d效果最好．秋水仙素诱导产生的变异植株经染色体倍性鉴定，其染色体数目为2n=44，属四倍体植株类型．同时，对阳桃二倍体和四倍体植株进行形态观察发现，四倍体植株叶色浓绿，叶面积增大，但叶长与叶宽的比值却减小，保卫细胞的长度、宽度．以及叶绿体含量也增大，气孔密度变小．     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

复合四倍体彭泽鲫雌核发育生殖方式的 胚胎同工酶证据

复合四倍体彭泽鲫是在尖鳍鲤精子刺激的彭泽鲫雌核发育子代中发现的少数特殊个体．本文分别用母本种彭泽鲫和父本种尖鳍鲤的精子与复合四倍体彭泽鲫的卵子受精，得到两种胚胎FP和FS．采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对两种胚胎10个时期的5种同工酶（LDH、MDH、ME、SOD和EST）进行比较分析．结果表明:两种胚胎的5种同工酶表型在谱带上完全一致，不同来源的精子对胚胎的同工酶表型没有影响．表明复合四倍体彭泽鲫可能继承了母本种的雌核发育生殖方式．     

通过四倍体补偿实验证明iPS细胞具有发育全能性

本研究首次利用诱导性多能干细胞(iPS细胞)通过四倍体囊胚注射得到存活并具有繁殖能力的小鼠。研究中,我们制备了37株iPS细胞系,其中3株iPS细胞系获得了共计27个活体小鼠,经多种分子生物学技术鉴定,证实该小鼠确实从iPS细胞发育而成。其中一些小鼠现已发育成熟并且繁殖了后代,这是世界上第一次获得完全由iPS细胞制备的活体小鼠,有力地证明了iPS细胞具有真正的全能性。这项工作为进一步研究iPS技术在干细胞、发育生物学和再生医学领域的应用提供了技术平台,将iPS细胞研究推到了新的高度,也为中国在这一国际热点研究领域取得领先地位做出了重要的贡献。     

水稻仙粳杂种四倍体的人工诱导

以一种极端类型粳亚种的二倍体杂种为材料，杂种幼穗的愈伤组织用秋水仙碱处理获得四倍体植株，幼穗在含不同浓度的2，4－D和KT的培养基上愈作组织的诱导率不同，2，4－D为2．0mg/L，KT为1．0mg/L，愈伤组织和诱导率最高，达55．6％，秋水仙碱在500mg／L的浓度加倍效果最高，达40％，同时比较分蘖斯秧苗和萌发种子的诱导率，仍以愈伤组织和加倍效果最好。     

Simultaneous estimation of genetic linkage and preferential pairing factor for a triploid population with unphased markers

Triploids,recognized to occur more frequently in natural and experimental populations of many species than previously appreciated,display important economic and biological values.Despite this,however,linkage analysis for triploids has not been well explored.We develop a statistical model for estimating and testing the linkage between molecular markers in a triploid population derived from a tetraploid and diploid parent.The model incorporates one important meiotic feature of tetraploids by which more homologous chromosomes pair with a greater likelihood than less homologous chromosomes.By implementing the EM algorithm within the maximum likelihood framework,the model provides a procedure for simultaneous estimation of the linkage and preferential pairing factor.The model accommodates the segregating patterns of pseudotest markers and intercross markers with different amounts of informativeness.The utility of the model was validated through a real data analysis and simulation studies.The model provides a statistical tool for linkage analysis in a triploid population by taking into account meiotic behavior of tetraploids.Results from the model will help to shed light on the genetic diversity and origin of a polyploid population.