靠山吃山,靠水吃水:船家与高山汉比较研究

在船家靠水吃水、高山汉靠山吃山的生计模式 ,从文化的视野来看船家以船为家 ,高山汉建房安吊脚安铺 ;船家信仰多神 ,高山汉特别崇敬祖先 ,凡此等等 ,一方面表现了族群生存策略的多样性 ,另一方面也表现了族群文化的多样性。     

提高裸根植苗造林成活率探讨

从掌握造林基本要点、积累栽树窍门、加强后期林地管护3个方面介绍了提高裸根植苗造林成活率的经验。     

The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.     

提高良种龙眼嫁接成活率的试验研究

以广东龙眼主栽品种：大乌圆、储良、大果、双孖木、石硖为试材，分别用不同方法、不同时期、不同砧穗组合进行嫁接多项研究，结果表明：单芽切接的成活率最高，达到75％以上，在不同季节的嫁接实验中，春末夏初(3-5月)是最合适的嫁接季节；在以大乌圆为砧木的嫁接实验中，分别采用储良、大乌圆、大果、双孖木、石硖为接穗，采用单芽切接的嫁接方法，发现双孖木为接穗的嫁接成活率最高，达55．9％．     

光周期条件对罗氏沼虾幼体存活率及体长生长率的影响

用４Ｌ：２０Ｄ、８Ｌ；１６Ｄ；１２Ｌ；１２Ｄ和２４Ｌ：０Ｄ四种光周期条件培养罗氏沼虾骚状幼体，观察其存活率和生长、发育情况。研究结果表明，随着光照时间的延长，特别是在连续照明的条件下，与最短的光照条件相比，幼体的存活率及体长生长率分别提高１５７．７％和２．２％ｄ，而育成Ｐ１的时间却相应缩短了１０ｄ。     

MOMENT-METHOD ESTIMATION BASED ON CENSORED SAMPLE

In reliability theory and survival analysis, the problem of point estimation based on the censored sample has been discussed in many literatures. However, most of them are focused on MLE, BLUE etc; little work has been done on the moment-method estimation in censoring case. To make the method of moment estimation systematic and unifiable, in this paper, the moment-method estimators(abbr. MEs) and modified momentmethod estimators(abbr. MMEs) of the parameters based on type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ censored samples are put forward involving mean residual lifetime. The strong consistency and other properties are proved. To be worth mentioning, in the exponential distribution,the proposed moment-method estimators are exactly MLEs. By a simulation study, in the view point of bias and mean square of error, we show that the MEs and MMEs are better than MLEs and the “pseudo complete sample” technique introduced in Whitten et al.(1988). And the superiority of the MEs is especially conspicuous, when the sample is heavily censored.     

Not every drought is bad: quantifying reproductive effort in the harlequin frog Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)

Atelopus laetissimus is an endemic and threatened harlequin frog from the high mountain forests of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Knowledge of its reproductive biology is essential for understanding the intraspecific interactions that can help the conservation of Atelopus species. We quantified the energy, measured in body weight, invested by males and females of A. laetissimus for reproduction, and how this energetic investment is related to the survival of individuals and rainfall conditions in habitats during two years (2014 and 2015). Our results show plasticity in terms of reproductive phenology linked to rainfall with short- and long-duration breeding strategies. The first year of this study, 2014, had a precipitation level in accordance with the annual averages at the area. During this time frogs exhibit a short breeding period. Contrary to 2014, 2015 was a year with little precipitation, below the annual averages, which probably facilitated the females’ quick spawning in the creeks and a consequent reduction in the duration of amplexus and low breeding efforts by males. This, in turn, was related to a long breeding period that favors the survival and reproduction of males during the entire year. In 2014 we found a decrease of 25% to 30% body weight of potentially reproductive males, which may be attributed to a prolonged duration of amplectant events.     

稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料的研究

 以稻纵卷叶螟为研究对象,按不同配方配制了6种人工饲料分别用来饲养稻纵卷叶螟,以筛选出适合饲养稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲料。结果表明,在温度为24~26 ℃,相对湿度大于80%,光照条件大于14 h的条件下,其中饲料D、E、F饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫只能完成二龄发育,少数幼虫存活到三龄或三龄以上;饲料C饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫也只能完成三龄发育;而饲料A和B饲养的稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫能完成整个世代发育,存活率分别为26.17%和36.40%,接近对照组新鲜水稻叶饲养的存活率36.67%,且蛹质量和新鲜水稻叶饲养的幼虫没有显著差异,但与对照相比,幼虫历期延长4~6 d、化蛹率下降8%~9%、羽化率下降11%~12%。     

饲料中添加虾青素对斑节对虾生长和免疫指标的影响

 虾青素以不同质量分数(0,10,20,40,80,160 mg·kg^-1)添加到斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon 的饲料中投喂30 d,研究虾青素对斑节对虾［初始体质量（1.32±0.03 ）g］生长、存活和免疫指标的影响。结果显示：虾青素可提高斑节对虾的存活率,但无明显规律性;而增质量率和特定生长率,实验组和对照组间差异显著(P<0.05);就终末均质量而言,实验组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),但实验组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);虾青素可提高斑节对虾酚氧化酶（PO）的活力,除10 mg·kg^-1和20 mg·kg^-1 组外,其余实验组与对照组差异显著(p<0.05),但对碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活力无显著影响。以增重率、特定生长率和酚氧化酶（PO）活力为参考指标,虾青素适宜添加量为40～80 mg·kg^-1。     

抗松针褐斑病湿地松组培苗生根条件的优化

以抗松针褐斑病湿地松组培苗为研究材料,对影响组培苗不定根发生的条件进行优化。结果表明:在含4.0 mg/L IBA和0.07 mg/L NAA的WPM培养基中添加0.4 mg/L多效唑对湿地松组培苗不定根的形成和再生植株的成活率有促进作用;湿地松组培苗不定根原基形成后,出瓶移至装有蛭石的穴盘中,有利于不定根的表达,且根茎连接非常好,植株成活率高达85%;基因型对苗的成活率有决定性的影响,不同家系及同一家系不同无性系间移栽成活率差异较大。