页岩气低伤害超临界CO2凝胶压裂液研究

针对常规水压裂液会对页岩造成伤害，容易产生水锁，不易返排，还造成水资源消耗和污染环境等问题，制备了低伤害二氧化碳凝胶压裂液。将自备的F2EU和F4EU增稠剂加入到超临界CO₂基液中，探究两种增稠剂的加入量对CO₂凝胶压裂液黏度的影响，综合考虑成本与效果，优选了2%的F4EU增稠剂，可将CO₂的黏度增至15.4 mPa·s。研究了温度、压力以及剪切速率对凝胶压裂液黏度的影响。实验结果表明，随着温度升高黏度总体降低，但中间出现一个短暂升高阶段；随着压力上升压裂液黏度增加；随着剪切速率的增加压裂液黏度下降，属于一种典型的剪切变稀的假塑性流体。F4EU超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液的平均伤害率为1.39%，远远小于常规压裂液对岩芯的伤害率。实验表明，F4EU超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液在页岩气压裂开采中具有良好的应用前景。     

Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide in the Extraction of Lanolin and Its Alcohol

The use of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO_2) in extraction of lanolin and its alcohol issuperior to the conventional solvent extractionmethod. Its distinctive advantages include highextractive ratio, nontoxic and nonflammablesolvents, and minimal by-product pollution. The     

The detection of structural deformation errors in attitude determination

In the determination of the attitude parameters from a multi-antenna GPS array, one of the major assumptions is that the body frame is rigid at all times. If this assumption is not true then the derived attitude parameters will be in error. It is well known that in airborne platforms the wings often experience some displacement during flight, especially during periods of initializing maneouvres, such as taking off, landing,and banking. Often it is at these points in time that it is most critical to have the most precise attitude parameters.There are a number of techniques available for the detection of modeling errors.The CUSUM algorithm has successfully been implemented in the past to detect small persistent changes. In this paper the authors investigate different methods of generating the residuals, to be tested by the CUSUM algorithm, in an effort to determine which technique is best suited for the detection of structural deformation of an airborne platform. The methods investigated include monitoring the mean of the residuals generated from the difference between the known body frame coordinates, and those calculated from the derived attitude parameters. The generated residuals are then passed to a CUSUM algorithm to detect any small persistent changes. An alternative method involves transforming the generated residuals into the frequency domain through the use of the Fast Fourier Transform. The CUSUM algorithm is then used to detect any frequency changes. The final technique investigated involves transforming the generated residuals using the Haar wavelet. The wavelet coefficients are then monitored by the CUSUM algorithm in order to detect any significant change to the rigidity of the body frame.Detecting structural deformation, and quantifying the degree of deformation, during flight will ensure that these effects can be removed from the system, thus ensuring the most precise and reliable attitude parameter solutions. This paper, through a series ofsimulations, will assess the effectiveness of the above mentioned techniques for detecting structural deformation effects on a GPS multi-antenna array. These principles are then tested with experimental data.     

Properties of a supercritical superdiffusion and solutions of its corresponding differential equation

The range and the nonextinction property of a supercritical superdiffusion and solutions of its corresponding differential equation are studied. It is pruved that under a suitable condition, the conditioned superprocess of the supercritical superdiffusion is a subcritical superdiffusion.     

关于随机环境分枝过程混合重组的一个注记

给定一个繁衍概率母函数均值待定的两状态独立同分布随机环境分枝过程,证明了若该随机环境分枝过程是下临界的,则通过适当选择其繁衍概率母函数均值的取值后,它的两个独立复制过程总能够混合重组为一个上临界随机环境分枝过程;但反之,若该随机环境分枝过程是上临界的,则它的两个独立复制过程不一定总能够混合重组为一个下临界随机环境分枝过程。     

除虫菊酯在超临界二氧化碳中溶解度的研究

建立了一套带预饱和釜的流动法测定固态物质在超临界CO2中溶解度的装置,测定了在35~45℃,8~17 MPa下除虫菊酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度.用Chrastil模型和改进的Chrastil模型对测定结果进行处理.表明对除虫菊酯用改进的Chrastil模型关联能获得较好的结果,该关联式为超临界CO2萃取与分离除虫菊酯提供了依据.     

煤与生物质共超临界水催化气化制氢的实验研究

在压力为20～25MPa、停留时间为15～30s、：NaOH添加量(质量分数)为0．1％、反应器外壁温度为650℃的条件下，对煤与生物质的模型化合物羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)在超临界水环境中的催化气化制氢性能进行了研究，探讨了物料浓度、压力以及停留时间对煤与CMC共气化制氢的影响．实验结果表明：煤与CMC二共超临界水催化气化制氢的主要气体产物是H2、CO2和CH4，H2的体积分数可高达60％以上；增加物料浓度、升高压力有利于提高产氢率，但延长停留时间不利于氢气的制取．     

昆虫翅膀的运动参数测量研究

研究可用于精确测量昆虫运动参数的条纹投影法.应用具有高衍射效率的声光调制器(AOD)生成投影条纹,通过调整各衍射光束的角度获得不同角间距的条纹,可用来测量反射比较低的昆虫翅膀.结合AOD和光栅,从两个相互垂直的方向投射条纹,可以在>90°的测量范围内测量蜜蜂的拍打翅膀.结果表明,在蜜蜂的一个拍打周期内,用该方法可以有效地测量其拍打角、滞后角,扭转角和扭转变形,相对测量误差<2%.     

超临界干燥制备的纳米TiO2对光催化降解甲基橙的影响

以钛酸正丁酯为原料 ,采用溶胶 -凝胶过程超临界干燥制备具有锐钛矿晶型结构的纳米二氧化钛粉体 ,以光催化降解甲基橙为模型反应 ,用XRD、TEM、DRS对上述粉体进行表征 .结果表明 ,与普通干燥法所得粒子比较 ,该干燥工艺所得的TiO2 粉体粒径小 ,光催化活性较高 .     

稳定化ZrO2超微粉体的制备及其催化CO氧化反应性能

采用凝胶—超临界流体干燥工艺制备无团聚ZrO2(CaO)超微粉体，考察ZrO2(CaO)及M/ZrO2(CaO)催化剂对CO完全氧化反应的催化活性．研究发现，超临界流体干燥可以有效地防止凝胶干燥过程中硬团聚体的生成，从而获得高比表面积、大孔体积、小粒径且具有良好单分散性能的ZrO2(CaO)粉体．作为催化剂活性组分及裁体，超微ZrO2(CaO)在CO完全氧化反应中表现出优良的性能．未担载任何活性组分的超微ZrO2(CaO)是CO完全氧化反应的高温催化剂，其50％转化温度约为280℃，100％转化温度为550℃；以超微ZrO2(CaO)粉体作裁体，担载Ni，Cu和Pd的负载型催化剂对CO低温氧化表现出较高的催化活性．