二元复合驱体系中钠型蒙脱土的表面电性质

利用电势分析仪分析了石油磺酸盐及部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）对钠型蒙脱土ζ电势的影响，采用X射线衍射（XRD）测定了钠型蒙脱土于石油磺酸盐、HPAM溶液中结构的变化。结果表明，石油磺酸盐、HPAM均能使钠型蒙脱土的ζ电势变得更负，而且使钠型蒙脱土的XRD峰发生明显的变化，说明HPAM和石油磺酸盐不仅可以吸附到蒙脱土的表面，而且可以吸附到蒙脱土的层间结构中。     

模板剂、磷源和乙醇对模板法层状磷酸钙盐的影响

以表面活性剂为模板的介孔材料合成方法广为人们关注．以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为模板,在水性体系中制备了层状介孔磷酸钙盐．用XRD表征了合成产物的无机相组成和层状结构的有序度．考察了不同熟化时间下SDS、磷源和乙醇的影响．结果表明,SDS用量增加可以提高层状结构的有序度,磷酸铵盐特别是(NH_4)_2HPO_4为磷源、乙醇与水体积比为1：1对有序层状结构的形成最有利．     

癸基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂合成及性能研究

以甲基萘和溴代癸烷为原料,合成癸基甲基萘中间体,经磺化、提纯,得到高纯度的癸基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂.采用HPLC测定了表面活性剂的纯度,为97%.利用IR、UV及ESI-MS对其结构进行了表征.研究了癸基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂的表面活性和油水界面性能,讨论了表面活性剂质量分数、氢氧化钠质量分数对表面活性剂水溶液/山东胜利油田原油界面张力的影响.结果表明,癸基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂具有很高的降低溶液表面张力和油/水界面张力的能力和效率;临界胶束浓度为0.26 mmol·L-1,该浓度下的表面张力为31.61 mN·m-1,动态界面张力最低值达到2.59×10-6mN·m-1.癸基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂有望成为较理想的三次采油用表面活性剂.     

加工有机晶体管电极的压力选择性剥离方法

提出一种简单有效的图案化有机场效应晶体管中聚乙撑二氧噻吩和聚磺化苯乙烯(PEDOT:PSS)聚合物电极的方法,运用带有凸纹图案的环氧树脂模板选择性的剥离涂敷在基底的PEDOT:PSS 薄膜形成图形.结果表明,环氧树脂模板与聚合物间的高黏附功可使薄膜易于发生选择性剥离,从而使其快速大面积的图案化.     

石墨烯/水性聚氨酯复合涂层的制备与性能改善

采用二苯胺磺酸钠(DPS)制备石墨烯水分散液,然后与水性聚氨酯乳液物理共混,干燥后制备出石墨烯/水性聚氨酯复合涂层.结果表明:DPS能够对石墨烯起到良好的分散作用;并且随着石墨烯用量的增加,复合涂层的抗静电性、力学性能、耐高温性、耐水性和耐酸碱性得到有效提高.复合胶膜与纯水性聚氨酯胶膜相比,其表面电阻率从8.64×1012Ω降低至5.54×108Ω,拉伸强度从13.71 MPa增加至17.32 MPa,吸水率由10.33%降低至3.87%,吸酸碱溶液率分别由8.68%和9.36%降低至2.93%和3.84%,硬度提高6.29%,碳化温度提高65℃.     

Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

以二苯乙烷和长碳链脂肪酰氯为原料合成出Gemini磺酸表面活性剂,通过核磁氢谱和红外光谱对化合物的结构进行表征,测定了其水溶液的表面张力,得出其表面张力曲线,进而算出其他相关参数.3种Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值随烷基疏水碳链的增长而降低.与线性十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)相比,Gemini表面活性剂G12-2-12的C20值降低94.4%,CMC值降低91.3%.G12-2-12的饱和吸附面积(Amin)比对应单基表面活性剂的2倍降低27%,且Gemini表面活性剂在气液界面上排列更加紧密.     

Response of a Submersed Macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata （L.f） Royle,to Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Stress

The acute toxicity of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate （SDBS） to subcamersed macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata （L.f） Royle was studied. Chlorophyll contents and the activities of 3 antioxidant enzymes： superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.15.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.11.1.6）, peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7） in the leaves were investigated under different concentrations of SDBS, The chlorophyll contents in leaves of experimental plants decreased gradually, while the electrical conductivity of culture solution increased gradually with the increased dose of SDBS. Under higher concentrations of SDBS （32 mg/L and 128 mg/L） treatment, SOD lost its activities completely after 24 h. The native PAGE analysis indicated the diversity of POD isoenzymes was obvious under different concentrations of SDBS stress.     

水样中Cr（Ⅵ）的测定

铬及其化合物在工业中应用广泛,对环境造成了较大的污染,是环境污染监测中的必测项目之一.在酸性溶液中,通过用Fe2＋标准溶液滴定Cr（Ⅵ）,使其还原成Cr3＋,以二苯胺磺酸钠作指示剂,根据Fe2＋标准溶液所消耗的体积,计算出水中Cr（Ⅵ）的含量（mg L）.本实验操作简单,快速,通过对实际样品的测量,结果令人满意.     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

水溶液中微量氯代十六烷基吡啶和十二烷基苯磺酸钠的分批泡沫分离行为研究

考察了关键独立变数对氯代十六烷基吡啶 (CPC)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)分批泡沫分离行为的影响 ,确定了最佳泡沫分离条件 ,对水样中微量 CPC和 SDBS及它们的缔合物进行了分离富集 ,并对短柱中小体积样品和长柱中大体积样品的分离效果进行了比较和评价 ,可供工业处理污水和回收微量物质参考 .在实验的基础上提出了临界起泡浓度和泡沫分离有效浓度范围的概念 .对 CPC和 SDBS的泡沫分离行为、可浮性及泡沫分离有效浓度范围进行了比较 ,并探讨了产生差异的原因